Drought tolerance in faster- and slower-growing black spruce (Picea mariana) progenies: I. Stomatal and gas exchange responses to osmotic stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Tan ◽  
Terence J. Blake ◽  
Timothy J. B. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce

Drought tolerance characteristics of black spruce (Picea mariana) seedlings in relation to sodium sulfate and sodium chloride injury

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund B Redfield ◽  
Janusz J Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Solution Culture

This study examined the feasibility of using water relations to screen black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) planting stock for salt tolerance, prior to planting in saline oil sands tailings. To do so, water relations parameters were derived from pressure–volume curves for individual seedlings prior to salt stress treatments. Pressure–volume curves were constructed for branches removed from the seedlings and the seedlings were subsequently treated with 60 mM NaCl, 120 mM NaCl, or 90 mM Na2SO4 in solution culture. After 2 weeks of treatment, seedlings treated with NaCl solutions had greater needle electrolyte leakage and visible needle injury compared with equimolar and iso-osmotic solutions of Na2SO4, suggesting that chloride played a role in needle injury. At turgor loss point, a more negative osmotic potential was significantly correlated with lower electrolyte leakage in seedlings treated with Na2SO4 but not in those treated with NaCl. The results suggest that, in contrast with NaCl, Na2SO4 injury to black spruce seedlings may be largely due to osmotic stress and that drought tolerance parameters may be more helpful in predicting salt tolerance in plants treated with Na2SO4 than in those treated with NaCl.Key words: osmotic stress, salt stress, drought tolerance, water relations, ion toxicity, black spruce.

Gas exchange and water relations responses to drought of fast- and slow-growing black spruce families

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Tan ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Slow Growing

To determine how different mechanisms of drought tolerance contribute to growth rate under drought, this study compared four full-sib black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) families which differed in growth rate when soil water became limiting, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and water relations responses to drought. Repeated drought cycles were imposed by withholding soil water in a nursery and physiological responses were measured near the end of the first and third cycle. The most vigorous family under drought had greater osmotic adjustment and maintained higher rates of net photosynthesis during the first cycle of drought and resumed higher rates of photosynthesis sooner upon stress relief, compared with two slow-growing families. Pressure–volume analysis of drought-stressed shoot tissues indicated that the fast-growing family exhibited a larger degree of elastic enhancement (i.e., decrease in bulk modulus of elasticity), which would explain its higher turgor pressure, compared with the two less vigorous families. However, family differences in gas exchange and water relations largely diminished when seedlings were exposed to repeated cycles of drought. Therefore, fast-growing black spruce families under drought may gain selective growth advantage by a better ability to tolerate, rather than postpone, momentary dehydration. Short-term screening trials could be used to detect drought tolerant genotypes in black spruce. Key words: drought, family variation, photosynthesis, Picea mariana, stomatal conductance, water relations.

Diurnal and seasonal variations in gas exchange and water relations of lowland and upland black spruce ecotypes

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
James D. Stewart ◽  
André P. Plamondon ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Seasonal Responses

Gas exchange and water relations were measured on seedlings from two pairs of upland and lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) populations. The seedlings were planted under natural atmospheric conditions in exterior sand beds. Measurements were carried out on eight separate days during the summer of 1992. Diurnal and seasonal responses of gas exchange and water relations parameters to natural changes in environmental factors were analyzed for possible ecotypic differences. Differences were found among the four populations and within one of the two upland–lowland pairs. However, no differences could be linked significantly to an upland–lowland ecotypic differentiation. The physiological responses are discussed with respect to diurnal and seasonal changes in environmental factors and to similarities with results from an earlier experiment involving mature trees from the same four populations. Key words: Picea mariana, water stress, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance.

Negative heterosis not apparent in 22-year-old hybrids of Picea mariana and Picea rubens

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt H Johnsen ◽  
John E Major ◽  
Judy Loo ◽  
Donald McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Hybrid Class ◽  
Old Trees

Work from the 1970s indicated that, relative to either parent species, crosses between red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were inferior with respect to both growth and photosynthesis. We re-examined the hypothesis that there is negative heterosis in hybrids of red and black spruce using 22-year-old trees in a common garden study planted on two sites. The trees were the product of controlled crossings and represent a continuum from hybrid class 0 (pure black spruce) to hybrid class 1 (pure red spruce). Progeny of all controlled crosses were measured for height and diameter. A subset of families were measured for gas exchange and were assessed using a hybrid index based on needle color, needle configuration, twig ridges, twig bark color, vegetative bud color, and cone scale morphology. Tree growth rate linearly declined with the increasing proportion of red spruce germplasm (increasing hybrid index). In 1994, intermediate hybrid index classes did not differ in gas exchange from either pure black spruce (hybrid index class 0) or pure red spruce (hybrid index class 1), and in 1996, hybrids displayed slightly higher rates of gas exchange. Thus, negative heterosis was not apparent in 22-year-old trees. Individual tree hybrid index generally agreed with expectation based on midparent means, although the relationship was stronger on the higher productivity site (r2 = 0.91) than the poorer productivity site (r2 = 0.54).Key words: black spruce, heterosis, hybrid, photosynthesis, red spruce.

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