Allelopathic potential of Triticum spp., Secale spp. and Triticosecale spp. and use of chromosome substitutions and translocations to improve weed suppression ability in winter wheat

Modern soil tillage systems based on different tools than mouldboard plough have very often stronger weed occurrence, which can be a serious problem for achieving high yields. An obvious solution for weed suppression is a herbicide, whose improper use can deteriorate environment and lead toward serious ecological problems. In order to investigate the interaction between soil tillage and herbicide, trial was set up in Valpovo in seasons 2008/09 - 2010/11. Two soil tillage systems (CT-conventional tillage, based on mouldboard ploughing, and CH-chiselling and disk harrowing, without ploughing) and five herbicide treatments (NH-control, no herbicides; H10- recommended dose of Herbaflex (2 l ha-1); H05-half dose of Herbaflex; F10- recommended dose of Fox (1.5 l ha-1); and F05-half dose of Fox) were applied to winter wheat crops. Results showed similar effects of soil tillage on the winter wheat yield, whereas different herbicide dosages showed similar weed suppression and influence on winter wheat yield.

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Exploring the Allelopathic Potential of Plant Extracts for Weed Suppression and Productivity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Gesunde Pflanzen ◽

10.1007/s10343-020-00525-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Raza Gurmani ◽

Sami Ullah Khan ◽

Tariq Mehmood ◽

Waseem Ahmed ◽

Mazhar Rafique

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Allelopathic Potential

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Allelopathic Potential of Winter Cereal Cover Crop Mulches on Grass Weed Suppression and Sugarbeet Development

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0311 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 1682-1691 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. V. Dhima ◽

I. B. Vasilakoglou ◽

I. G. Eleftherohorinos ◽

A. S. Lithourgidis

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Grass Weed

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Efficacy of Cover Crops on Weed Suppression, Wheat Yield, and Water Conservation in Winter Wheat–Sorghum–Fallow

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2018.12.0753 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 1745-1752 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Abdel Mesbah ◽

Abdelaziz Nilahyane ◽

Binod Ghimire ◽

Leslie Beck ◽

Rajan Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weed Suppression

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Utilization of Intervarietal Chromosome Substitutions in Breeding Winter Wheat

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00476.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Meinel ◽

A. Holldorf ◽

C. Jakuszeit

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Chromosome Substitutions

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Cereal cover crops for weed suppression in a summer fallow-wheat cropping sequence

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p99-099 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 441-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. R. Moyer ◽

R. E. Blackshaw ◽

E. G. Smith ◽

S. M. McGinn

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Summer Fallow

Cropping systems in western Canada that include summer fallow can leave the soil exposed to erosion and require frequent weed control treatments. Cover crops have been used for soil conservation and to suppress weed growth. Experiments were conducted under rain-fed conditions at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the effect of short-term fall rye (Secale cereale L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and annual rye cover crops in the fallow year on weed growth and subsequent wheat yield. Under favorable weather conditions fall rye was as effective as post-harvest plus early spring tillage or herbicides in spring weed control. Winter wheat and fall rye residues, after growth was terminated in June, reduced weed biomass in September by 50% compared to no cover crop in 1993 but had little effect on weeds in 1995. Fall-seeded cover crops reduced the density of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] but increased the density of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), and thyme-leaved spurge (Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers.) in the following fall or spring. Wheat yields after fall rye and no cover crop were similar but yields after spring-seeded annual rye were less than after no cover crop. Spring-seeded annual rye did not adequately compete with weeds. Cover crops, unlike the no cover crop treatment, always left sufficient plant residue to protect the soil from erosion until the following wheat crop was seeded. Key words: Allelopathies, fall rye, nitrogen, soil conservation, soil moisture, weed control, spring rye, winter wheat

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Clover green manure productivity and weed suppression in an organic grain rotation

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170516000430 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 474-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katja Koehler-Cole ◽

James R. Brandle ◽

Charles A. Francis ◽

Charles A. Shapiro ◽

Erin E. Blankenship ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

White Clover ◽

Green Manure ◽

Red Clover ◽

Late Summer ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Sampling Times

AbstractGreen manure crops must produce high biomass to supply biological N, increase organic matter and control weeds. The objectives of our study were to assess above-ground biomass productivity and weed suppression of clover (Trifolium spp.) green manures in an organic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation in eastern Nebraska in three cycles (2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14). Treatments were green manure species [red clover (T. pratense L.) and white clover (T. repens L.)] undersown into winter wheat in March and green manure mowing regime (one late summer mowing or no mowing). We measured wheat productivity and grain protein at wheat harvest, and clover and weed above-ground biomass as dry matter (DM) at wheat harvest, 35 days after wheat harvest, in October and in April before clover termination. Winter wheat grain yields and grain protein were not affected by undersown clovers. DM was higher for red than for white clover at most sampling times. Red clover produced between 0.4 and 5.5 Mg ha−1 in the fall and 0.4–5.2 Mg ha−1 in the spring. White clover produced between 0.1 and 2.5 Mg ha−1 in the fall and 0.2–3.1 Mg ha−1 in the spring. Weed DM was lower under red clover than under white clover at most sampling times. In the spring, weed DM ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 Mg ha−1 under red clover and from 0.0 to 3.1 Mg ha−1 under white clover. Mowing did not consistently affect clover or weed DM. For organic growers in eastern Nebraska, red clover undersown into winter wheat can be a productive green manure with good weed suppression potential.

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Winter Wheat Cultivar Characteristics Affect Annual Weed Suppression

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-158r1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 988-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gail A. Wicks ◽

Paul T. Nordquist ◽

P. Stephen Baenziger ◽

Robert N. Klein ◽

Roger H. Hammons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Production Systems ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Weed Density ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Seeding Date ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Annual Weeds

Thirteen hard red winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for their ability to suppress summer annual weeds in grain production systems near North Platte, NE, from 1993 through 1997. ‘Turkey’, a 125-yr-old landrace selection, suppressed both broadleaf and grass weeds more than other cultivars. Some relatively new cultivars, such as ‘Arapahoe’, ‘Jules’, ‘Pronghorn’, and ‘Vista’ suppressed summer annual grasses almost as well as Turkey. Total weed density was negatively correlated with number of winter wheat stems/m2, mature winter wheat height, and lodging. Weed density after wheat harvest was positively correlated with delay in winter wheat seeding date and was negatively correlated with precipitation 0 to 30 d after winter wheat seeding, during tillering, tillering to boot stage, and heading to maturity stage. Mean air temperature 0 to 30 d after wheat seeding was positively correlated with weed density. In the spring, weed density was positively correlated with temperatures during the tillering stage, tillering to boot stage, and heading to maturity stage. Stinkgrass and witchgrass densities were positively correlated with severity of wheat leaf rust. The highest grain-producing cultivars included three medium height cultivars ‘Alliance’, Arapahoe, and ‘Niobrara’. Alliance wheat produced 53% more grain than Turkey, and the other two produced 43% more grain.

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Do cover crop sowing date and fertilization affect field weed suppression?

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/1/2017-pse ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sturm Dominic J ◽

Kunz Christoph ◽

Peteinatos Gerassimos ◽

Gerhards Roland

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Weed Suppressive Ability ◽

Fertilization Effects

The weed suppressive ability of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.) cover crop is attributed to high competitiveness for resources and biochemical effects on weeds. The oilseed radish cover crop was sown in five treatments plus an untreated control over a period of five weeks before and three weeks after winter wheat harvest. Additionally, fertilization effects on oilseed radish biomass and weed suppression were measured. The highest biomass of the cover crop was observed 12 weeks after harvest (WAH) when the oilseed radish was sown one week after harvest (1 WAH) (2015) and five weeks before harvest (5 WBH) (2016). No differences of fertilization were observed concerning oilseed radish and weed biomass in 2015, whereby increased biomass was found after fertilization in 2016. The highest weed control efficacy of up to 83% and 90% was achieved in treatments 1 WAH (2015) and 5 WBH (2016) at 12 WAH. The early sowing of oilseed radish in winter wheat resulted in low germination and biomass yield within the field, due to low precipitation in 2015. Nevertheless, there is a high potential of early sown oilseed radish for higher weed control efficacy, which was demonstrated in 2016.

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Undersown cover crops have limited weed suppression potential when reducing tillage intensity in organically grown cereals

Organic Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s13165-019-00262-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 107-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Salonen ◽

E. Ketoja

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Weed Infestation

Abstract Adoption of reduced tillage in organic cropping has been slow, partly due to concerns about increasing weed infestation. Undersown cover crops (CCs) are considered to be a feasible option for weed management but their potential for weed suppression is insufficiently investigated in low-till organic cropping. The possibilities to reduce primary tillage by introducing CCs to maintain weed infestation at a level that does not substantially jeopardize crop yield were studied in a field experiment in southern Finland during 2015–2017. Eight different CC mixtures were undersown in cereals and the response in weed occurrence was consecutively assessed in spring barley, winter wheat, and finally, as a subsequent effect, in spring wheat. Growth of CCs was too slow to prevent the flush of early emerging weeds in spring barley whereas in winter wheat, CCs succeeded in hindering the growth of weeds. However, CCs could not prevent the increase of perennial weeds in a reduced tillage system in which the early growth of spring wheat was retarded in cool 2017. Consequently, after 2 years of reduced tillage, weed biomass was about 2.6 times higher and spring wheat yield was 30% lower than in plowed plots, respectively. No major differences in weed control efficacy among CC treatments were evident. A grain yield benefit was recorded after repeated use of leguminous CCs. The need for long-term field studies remains of particular interest regarding post-harvest performance and influence of CCs on perennial weeds before the inversion tillage.

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