Bacterial biofilm, brown pigment stone and blockage of biliary stents

Background: Gallstone disease known as cholelithiasis is the most common digestive surgical disorder and account for an important part of health care expenditure. Attempt was made to analyse the gallstone for typing depending upon the composition. Aims & objectives: The main objective of this study was to see the prevalence of different types of gallstone in Nepal and to correlate them with the clinical findings. Materials & methods: Gallstones of 80 different patients who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were collected from 20th January 2005 to 16th May 2006 in Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Detailed history was taken. Stones were analyzed with chemical and enzymatic methods using clinical spectrophotometer. Results & conclusion: The most commonly involved age group for cholelithiasis (32.5%) is found to be 30-39 years with a female predominance (M: F=1:3.2). Cholelithiasis was found more commonly among non-vegetarian with the vegetarian: non-vegetarian ratio 1:9. Mixed type stone was found to be the most common type of stone comprising 78.75%, followed by cholesterol stone 12.5%, Brown pigment stone 7.5% and Black pigment stone 1.25%.Key words: Gallbladder; cholelithiasis; Gallstone DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i3.2736 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.3 Issue 27, 268-271

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Bacterial biofilm behavior in water-supply lines of dental units

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124811 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 882-883

Author(s):

B.D. Tall ◽

K.S. George ◽

R. T. Gray ◽

H.N. Williams

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Biofilm

Studies of bacterial behavior in many environments have shown that most organisms attach to surfaces, forming communities of microcolonies called biofilms. In contaminated medical devices, biofilms may serve both as reservoirs and as inocula for the initiation of infections. Recently, there has been much concern about the potential of dental units to transmit infections. Because the mechanisms of biofilm formation are ill-defined, we investigated the behavior and formation of a biofilm associated with tubing leading to the water syringe of a dental unit over a period of 1 month.

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Intraneuronal accumulations of lysosomes in the cerebellum of rats and dogs after dosing with MDL-832

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100161710 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 830-831

Author(s):

S.D. Barnard ◽

S.D. Warner

Keyword(s):

Brown Pigment ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Gelatin Capsules ◽

Pigment Granules ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Dose Levels

1, 2, 9, 10-tetramethoxyaporphine phosphate (MDL-832) was once considered a potential human antitussive. MDL-832 was administered orally in the diets of Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day for 3 and 6 months and in gelatin capsules to Beagle dogs at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day for 3, 6 and 12 months. Histopathologic examinations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained cerebellar sections revealed intracytoplasmic brown pigment accumulations in large fusiform neurons (presumably the motor type) of the pons. The pigment granules were found to be PAS-positive, non-acid fast, iron-free, Sudan B-positive and fuchsinophilic. Intraneuronal pigment accumulations were seen in rats after 3 months of treatment at 80 mg but not at 40 mg and after 6 months at 20 mg but not at 10 mg. For dogs the effect was observed after 3 months at 60 mg but not at 30 mg and after 12 months at 10 mg but not at 5 mg.

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