Incidence of Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula Is Higher in Brown Pigment Stone But Not in Black Pigment Or Cholesterol Stone

Background: Gallstone disease known as cholelithiasis is the most common digestive surgical disorder and account for an important part of health care expenditure. Attempt was made to analyse the gallstone for typing depending upon the composition. Aims & objectives: The main objective of this study was to see the prevalence of different types of gallstone in Nepal and to correlate them with the clinical findings. Materials & methods: Gallstones of 80 different patients who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were collected from 20th January 2005 to 16th May 2006 in Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Detailed history was taken. Stones were analyzed with chemical and enzymatic methods using clinical spectrophotometer. Results & conclusion: The most commonly involved age group for cholelithiasis (32.5%) is found to be 30-39 years with a female predominance (M: F=1:3.2). Cholelithiasis was found more commonly among non-vegetarian with the vegetarian: non-vegetarian ratio 1:9. Mixed type stone was found to be the most common type of stone comprising 78.75%, followed by cholesterol stone 12.5%, Brown pigment stone 7.5% and Black pigment stone 1.25%.Key words: Gallbladder; cholelithiasis; Gallstone DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i3.2736 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.3 Issue 27, 268-271

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BLACK PIGMENT STONE IN A MALE CHILD AGED TWO YEARS AND SEVEN MONTHS

ANZ Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb04902.x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 452-453

Author(s):

WILLIAM BURNETT ◽

BRIAN DOUGLAS ◽

KEVIN DWYER ◽

COLIN KENNARD ◽

GARY ROBERTS

Keyword(s):

Male Child ◽

Black Pigment ◽

Pigment Stone

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PIXE ANALYSIS OF GALLSTONES

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083505000453 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (03n04) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. R. RAUTRAY ◽

V. VIJAYAN ◽

M. ASHOK ◽

J. V. KENNEDY ◽

V. JAYANTHI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Minor Element ◽

Southern Region ◽

Cholesterol Stone ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Accelerator Facility ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

Pigment Stone ◽

Human Gallstone ◽

A Minor

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique has been used to determine the trace elements present in fourteen representative human gallstone samples collected from eastern region (Orissa) and thirteen representative samples collected from southern region (Chennai) of India. PIXE irradiation of the samples has been carried out by using the 3 MV tandem type horizontal pelletron accelerator facility at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar with proton beam of energy 3 MeV. In the present investigation, twenty one trace elements like S , Cl , K , Ca , Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Ni , Cu , Zn , As , Se , Br , Rb , Sr , Y , Zr , Mo and Pb have been estimated in all the three types of gallstones viz. cholesterol stone, mixed stone and pigment stone. While sulphur in cholesterol stones in the eastern region was less than that of the southern region, sulphur was present as a minor element in the pigment stones of both the regions. Less concentration of copper in the gallstones from eastern region is another interesting observation. The lower values of copper in the patients of eastern region may be due to different types of food habits. The concentrations of all the elements in the southern region pigment stones have higher values than that of the eastern region. Moreover, the concentrations of Fe and Mo in cholesterol stone and pigment stone samples in southern region have also higher values than in eastern region. The current PIXE study is of its first kind in this eastern region of India.

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Cluster Analysis of Gallstone FT-IR Spectra: Tests on Simulated Mixture Spectra and Comparison between Spectral and Morphological Classification of Human Gallstones

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702981945039 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 1210-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric Laloum ◽

Nguyen Quy Dao ◽

Michel Daudon

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Ir Spectra ◽

Black Pigment ◽

Brown Pigment ◽

Morphological Classification ◽

Single Linkage ◽

Homogeneous Groups ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Pure Cholesterol

Sixty-four combination spectra of three major gallstone components [i.e., cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate (aragonite)] were simulated in accordance with a “fractal” ternary diagram. Comparison between the original pattern of composition and factorial maps of pretreated spectra makes it possible to show the effects of different normalization procedures (Euclidean norm, spectrum maximum, and area under spectrum set to 1). Cluster analysis of these spectra, depending on different agglomerative links (single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, and Ward's criterion), was carried out. All the resultant trees yield the same groups, but Ward's criterion best preserves the pattern of the data. More than 100 gallstones from France and Vietnam were classified by using cluster analysis of their FT-IR spectra with Ward's criterion. Seven homogeneous groups of spectra were extracted, which have been significantly correlated to the four morphological types of gallstones: pure cholesterol, mixed cholesterol, brown pigment, and black pigment stones. This analysis also reveals that the morphological groups are not homogeneous in composition, in particular for black pigment stones.

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Studies on the cholelithiasis: especially on the difference in the process of gallstone formation between cholesterol stone and bile pigment stone

Gastroenterologia Japonica ◽

10.1007/bf02798250 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 75-75

Author(s):

H. Miyake ◽

S. Nagamitsu ◽

N. Tamesue ◽

K. Izumi

Keyword(s):

Gallstone Formation ◽

Cholesterol Stone ◽

Bile Pigment ◽

Pigment Stone ◽

The Difference

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A Study on Bacterial Etiology of Cholecystitis due to Gallstones and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in A Tertiary Care Hospital

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 116-119

Author(s):

B. Gomathi Manju N. Rathna Priya ◽

G. Jayalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Cholesterol Stone ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pigment Stone ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Complications Of Cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis is a very common condition affecting the Gallbladder. Gallstones are present in 10 -15 % of the adult population. Females are three times more likely to develop Gallstones than male. Gall stones are classified into cholesterol and pigment stone. About 80% of them are cholesterol stone and 15-20% pigment stone. Obstruction and infections are the common complications of Cholelithiasis. Approximately 1-2% of the patients become symptomatic and warrants cholecystectomy (1). With this background we conducted a cross sectional study in the Institute of Microbiology, MMC & RGGGH, for 72 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy. The most common age group affected 41-60 yrs. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, dyspepsia and Jaundice. In this study Gallstones are collected after surgery, processed and Antibiogram pattern also studied as per standard guidelines. Out of 72 samples studied 35 (48.6%) are culture positive. Escherichia coli is the predominant organism isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumonia(52). Most of the isolates were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics for Gram Negative bacilli.

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Highly Effective Protocol for Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) into Melanin-Producing Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12787

Author(s):

Maciej Sułkowski ◽

Marta Kot ◽

Bogna Badyra ◽

Anna Paluszkiewicz ◽

Przemysław M. Płonka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Human Skin ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Black Pigment ◽

Brown Pigment ◽

Main Function ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Promising Source

Melanin is a black/brown pigment present in abundance in human skin. Its main function is photo-protection of underlying tissues from harmful UV light. Natural sources of isolated human melanin are limited; thus, in vitro cultures of human cells may be a promising source of human melanin. Here, we present an innovative in vitro differentiation protocol of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) into melanin-producing cells, delivering highly pigmented cells in quantity and quality incomparably higher than any other methods previously described. Pigmented cells constitute over 90% of a terminally differentiated population and exhibit features characteristic for melanocytes, i.e., expression of specific markers such as MITF-M (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform M), TRP-1 (tyrosinase-related protein 1), and TYR (tyrosinase) and accumulation of black pigment in organelles closely resembling melanosomes. Black pigment is unambiguously identified as melanin with features corresponding to those of melanin produced by typical melanocytes. The advantage of our method is that it does not require any sophisticated procedures and can be conducted in standard laboratory conditions. Moreover, our protocol is highly reproducible and optimized to generate high-purity melanin-producing cells from iPS cells; thus, it can serve as an unlimited source of human melanin for modeling human skin diseases. We speculate that FGF-8 might play an important role during differentiation processes toward pigmented cells.

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Study of histopathological spectrum of gallbladder in cholecystectomy specimens

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190363 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 593

Author(s):

Gomathi Srinivasan ◽

A. Sagaya Inba Sekar

Keyword(s):

Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽

Female Gender ◽

Chronic Cholecystitis ◽

Cholesterol Stone ◽

Patient History ◽

Pigment Stone ◽

Medical College ◽

Predominant Type ◽

Calculous Cholecystitis ◽

Number Of Males

Background: Cholecystitis is one of the most common indications for abdominal surgery. Routine examination of gallbladder grossly and microscopically shows lot of interesting findings. This study aims to quantify the various outcomes of routine gallbladder examination following cholecystectomy procedure.Methods: All clinical details and data from case sheet and patient history are collected and analysed for all the patients who underwent cholecystectomy surgery in the Department of General Surgery, Govt. Omandurar Medical College, Chennai, from August 2017 to August 2018. The Study period of this study was from August 2017 to August 2018. Three sections each from neck, body and fundus taken. Tissues were processed in automated tissue processor and paraffin blocks made. Statistical analysis of the data was done.Results: Total number of specimens received were 36. And among the cases the number of females were 33 and the number of males were 3. The number of cases of calculous cholecystitis were 31 and the number of cases with pigment stones were 26, number of cases with cholesterol stone were 2 and the number of cases with mixed stones were 3. The number of cases of acalculous cholecystitis were 5. The number of cases of cholecystectomy by laproscopy were 30 whereas the number of cases of cholecystectomy by open procedure were 6. Chronic cholecystitis was seen in 34 cases and chronic cholecystitis with stones was seen in 29 cases and chronic cholecystitis without stones was seen in 5 cases and Acute on chronic cholecystitis with pigment stone was seen in 1 case and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis with pigment stone was seen in 1 case.Conclusions: The risk factors for developing chronic cholecystitis was seen in female gender. The predominant histomorphological pattern seen in this study group is chronic calculous cholecystitis. And the predominant type of stone found in this study is pigment stone compared to mixed and cholesterol stone.

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