Effect of soil burial depth and wetting on mortality of diapausing larvae and patterns of post-diapause adult emergence of sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Itchgrass is a weed of many crops throughout the tropics and one of the most important grass weeds of rainfed rice. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to determine the effects of light, alternating day/night temperatures, high temperature pretreatment, water stress, seed burial depth, and rice residue on seed germination and seedling emergence of itchgrass in the Philippines. Two populations were evaluated and the results were consistent for both populations. Germination in the light/dark regime was greater at alternating day/night temperatures of 25/15 C than at 35/25, 30/20, or 20/10 C. Light was not a requirement for germination, but a light/dark regime increased germination by 96%, across temperature and population. A 5-min high temperature pretreatment for 50% inhibition of maximum itchgrass germination ranged from 145 to 151 C with no germination when seeds were exposed to ≥ 180 C. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination was −0.6 MPa for itchgrass, although some seeds germinated at −0.8 MPa. Seedling emergence was greatest for seeds placed on the soil surface, and emergence declined with increasing soil burial depth; no seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 10 cm. The addition of rice residue to soil surface in pots at rates equivalent to 4 to 6 Mg ha−1reduced itchgrass seedling emergence. Since seedling emergence was greatest at shallow depths and germination was stimulated by light, itchgrass may become a problem in systems where soil is cultivated at shallow depths. Knowledge gained in this study could contribute to developing components of integrated weed management strategies for itchgrass.

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Germination response of invasive plants to soil burial depth and litter accumulation is species‐specific

Journal of Vegetation Science ◽

10.1111/jvs.12891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 1079-1087 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Judit Sonkoly ◽

Orsolya Valkó ◽

Nóra Balogh ◽

Laura Godó ◽

András Kelemen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Soil Burial ◽

Litter Accumulation ◽

Germination Response ◽

Species Specific

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Postharvest Burial of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Infested Fruit Waste Reduces Adult Emergence

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Holly Hooper ◽

Matthew J Grieshop

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

The United States ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Lipid Concentration ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Fruit Waste ◽

Fruit Wastes

Abstract The arrival of spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), to the United States has caused many berry and cherry growers to replace IPM programs with calendar-based broad-spectrum insecticide programs. Alternative management tactics are urgently needed to mitigate the current dependency on chemical control. Postharvest burial is a cultural crop sanitation strategy that has the potential to reduce D. suzukii reproductive habitat and eliminate infested fruit wastes. This study revealed that D. suzukii rarely pupate on the soil’s surface or below 1 cm, but are capable of unburying themselves from depths up to 48 cm. Although zero emergence was not obtained in the field, adult emergence decreased exponentially with deeper burial depths. A burial depth of 24 cm reduced D. suzukii emergence by 97%, although soil texture may influence this optimal burial depth. Soils that had a higher concentration of sand had a negative impact on D. suzukii survival at shallower burial depths. The mechanism behind the reduction in adult emergence from differing burial depths remains unclear as the lipid concentration between emerging D. suzukii was the same regardless of burial depth.

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Seed Germination Ecology of Soldier Thistle (Picnomon acarna): An Invasive Weed of Rainfed Crops in Iran

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.74 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iraj Nosratti ◽

Sajad Almaleki ◽

Bhagirath S. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Effective Control ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Row Crops ◽

Western Iran ◽

Soil Burial

AbstractSoldier thistle [Picnomon acarna(L.) Cass.] is widely distributed throughout rainfed fields across western Iran, where it decreases crop yields and interferes with harvest operations. This study was conducted to determine the influence of different factors on seed germination and seedling emergence ofP. acarna. Freshly harvested seeds were dormant and required an after-ripening period for breaking dormancy. Seed germination was greatly promoted by light. Germination occurred over a wide spectrum of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes, ranging from 5 to 35 C, with highest germination at constant (74%) and fluctuating (94%) temperatures of 20 and 20/10 C. Seed germination ofP. acarnawas tolerant to osmotic potential, while salt stress significantly inhibited its germination percentage. pH was not an inhibiting factor for germination ofP. acarnaseeds. Seedling emergence decreased exponentially with an increase in seed burial depth in the soil; at soil burial depths of 4 cm or greater, no seedlings were able to reach the soil surface. The results suggest that significant seed germination ofP. acarnain rainfed fields is possible, and the weed has great potential to spread throughout rainfed systems in western Iran. Based on these results, effective control ofP. acarnacan be achieved by applying interrow cultivation in row crops and deep tillage at seedbed preparation.

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Tritrophic interactions in sorghum, midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola) and its parasitoid (Aprostocetus spp.)

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/s0261-2194(97)00049-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K.F. Nwanze ◽

Y.V.R. Reddy ◽

F.E. Nwilene ◽

K.G. Kausalya ◽

D.D.R. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Tritrophic Interactions ◽

Stenodiplosis Sorghicola ◽

Sorghum Midge

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First record of Stenodiplosis sorghicola on sorghum in Greece

ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA ◽

10.12681/eh.11508 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

A. E. Tsagkarakis ◽

N. G. Emmanouel ◽

G. N. Scarakis

Keyword(s):

First Record ◽

Stenodiplosis Sorghicola ◽

Sorghum Midge ◽

First Time ◽

Region Information

In October 2007, the sorghum midge Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was recorded for the first time in Greece. Its occurrence was noticed in an experimental sorghum cultivar at Aliartos, near Athens, in Viotia region. Information on its morphology, biology and distribution is given.

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Flooding depths and burial effects on seedling emergence of five California weedy rice (Oryza sativa spontanea) accessions

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.82 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Liberty B. Galvin ◽

Deniz Inci ◽

Mohsen Mesgaran ◽

Whitney Brim-DeForest ◽

Kassim Al-Khatib

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Soil Burial ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flooding Depth

Abstract Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev.) has recently become a significant botanical pest in California rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems. The conspecificity of this pest with cultivated rice, Oryza sativa (L.), negates the use of selective herbicides, rendering the development of non-chemical methods a necessary component of creating management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted to determine the emergence and early growth responses of O. sativa spontanea to flooding soil and burial conditions. Treatment combinations of four flooding depths (0, 5, 10, and 15 cm) and four burial depths (1.3, 2.5, 5, and 10 cm) were applied to test the emergence of five O. sativa spontanea accessions as well as ‘M-206’, a commonly used rice cultivar in California, for comparison. Results revealed that burial depth had a significant effect on seedling emergence. There was a 43-91% decrease in emergence between seedlings buried at 1.3 and 2.5 cm depending on the flooding depth and accession, and an absence of emergence from seedlings buried at or below 5 cm. Flooding depth did not affect emergence, but there was a significant interaction between burial and flooding treatments. There was no significant difference between total O. sativa spontanea emergence from the soil and water surfaces regardless of burial or flooding depths, implying that once the various accessions have emerged from the soil they will also emerge from the floodwater. Most accessions had similar total emergence compared to M-206 cultivated rice, but produced more dry weight than M-206 when planted at 1.3 cm in the soil. The results of this experiment can be used to inform stakeholders of the flooding conditions necessary as well as soil burial depths that will promote or inhibit the emergence of California O. sativa spontanea accessions from the weed seedbank.

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