Obtaining resources for evidence-based public health initiatives at the local level: insights from the Central Sydney Tobacco Control Plan

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rissel ◽  
Kate McMaugh ◽  
Danny O'Connor ◽  
Angela Balafas ◽  
Jeanette Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

scholarly journals Innovative Virtual Role-Play Simulations for Managing Substance Use Conversations: Pilot Study Results and Relevance During and After COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Albright ◽  
Nikita Khalid ◽  
Kristen Shockley ◽  
Kelsey Robinson ◽  
Kevin Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

BACKGROUND Substance use places a significant burden on our communities, both economically and socially. In light of COVID-19, it is predicted that as many as 75,000 more people will die from alcohol and other substance use and suicide as a result of isolation, new mental health concerns, and various other stressors related to the pandemic. Public awareness campaigns that aim to destigmatize substance use and help individuals have meaningful conversations with friends, coworkers, or family members to address substance use concerns are a timely and cost-effective means of augmenting existing behavioral health efforts related to substance use. These types of interventions can supplement the work being done by existing public health initiatives. OBJECTIVE This pilot study examines the impact of the One Degree: Shift the Influence role-play simulation, designed to teach family, friends and coworkers to effectively manage problem-solving conversations with individuals that they are concerned about regarding substance use. METHODS Participants recruited for this mixed methods study completed a pre-survey, the simulation, a post survey, and were sent a six-week follow-up survey. The simulation involves practicing a role-play conversation with a virtual human coded with emotions, memory and personality. A virtual coach provides feedback in using evidence-based communication strategies such as motivational interviewing. RESULTS Matched sample ANOVA revealed significant increases at follow-up in composite attitudinal constructs of preparedness (P<.001) and self-efficacy (P=.012), including: 1) starting a conversation with someone regarding substance use, 2) avoiding upsetting someone while bringing up concerns, 3) focusing on observable facts, and 4) problem-solving. Qualitative data provided further evidence of the simulation’s positive impact on ability to have meaningful conversations about substance use. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that conversation-based simulations like One Degree: Shift the Influence, that utilize role-play practice, can teach individuals to use evidence-based communication strategies and can cost-effectively reach geographically dispersed populations to support public health initiatives for primary prevention.

From Tobacco to Obesity Prevention Policies: A Framework for Implementing Community-Driven Policy Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Walter ◽  
Kelly Dumke ◽  
Ariana Oliva ◽  
Emily Caesar ◽  
Zoë Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevention Policies ◽  
Community Residents

Efforts to reverse the obesity epidemic require policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change strategies. Despite the availability of evidence-based and other promising PSE interventions, limited evidence exists on the “how-to” of transitioning them into practice. For the past 13 years, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health has been building capacity among community residents and other stakeholders to create effective community coalitions and to implement well-designed policy strategy campaigns using an evidence-based approach to policy change, the policy adoption model (PAM). Implementing a phase-based approach to policy change, the PAM was initially used to support the passage of over 140 tobacco control and prevention policies in Los Angeles County. Following these successes, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health applied the PAM to obesity prevention, operationalizing the policy process by training community residents and other stakeholders on the use of the model. The PAM has shown to be helpful in promoting PSE change in tobacco control and obesity prevention, suggesting a local-level model potentially applicable to other fields of public health seeking sustainable, community-driven policy change.

Complaint-Oriented “Services”: Shelters as Tools for Criminalizing Homelessness

2021 ◽  
Vol 693 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-283
Author(s):  
Chris Herring
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

This article argues that the expansion of shelter and welfare provisions for the homeless can lead to increased criminalization of homeless people in public spaces. First, I document how repression of people experiencing homelessness by the police in San Francisco neighborhoods increased immediately after the opening of new shelters. Second, I reveal how shelter beds are used as a privileged tool of the police to arrest, cite, and confiscate property of the unhoused, albeit in the guise of sanitary and public health initiatives. I conclude by considering how shelters increasingly function as complaint-oriented “services,” aimed at addressing the interests of residents, businesses, and politicians, rather than the needs of those unhoused.

scholarly journals Advancing precision public health using human genomics: examples from the field and future research opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Roberts ◽  
Alison E. Fohner ◽  
Latrice Landry ◽  
Dana Lee Olstad ◽  
Amelia K. Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
Precision Public Health ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

AbstractPrecision public health is a relatively new field that integrates components of precision medicine, such as human genomics research, with public health concepts to help improve population health. Despite interest in advancing precision public health initiatives using human genomics research, current and future opportunities in this emerging field remain largely undescribed. To that end, we provide examples of promising opportunities and current applications of genomics research within precision public health and outline future directions within five major domains of public health: biostatistics, environmental health, epidemiology, health policy and health services, and social and behavioral science. To further extend applications of genomics within precision public health research, three key cross-cutting challenges will need to be addressed: developing policies that implement precision public health initiatives at multiple levels, improving data integration and developing more rigorous methodologies, and incorporating initiatives that address health equity. Realizing the potential to better integrate human genomics within precision public health will require transdisciplinary efforts that leverage the strengths of both precision medicine and public health.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of public health initiatives on trends in fecal occult blood test participation in Ontario

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys N Honein-AbouHaidar ◽  
Linda Rabeneck ◽  
Lawrence F Paszat ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Jill Tinmouth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

scholarly journals From Prussia to China: Japanese Colonial Medicine and Gotō Shinpei’s Combination of Medical Police and Local Self-Administration

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Lynteris
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

Recent historical investigation into the rise of ‘biopolitical modernity’ in China has shed some surprising light. While it was long thought that British public health initiatives entered China via Hong Kong, the recent work of Ruth Rogaski, Philippe Chemouilli and others has established that it was actually early Japanese colonialism that played the crucial role. It was the Meiji Empire's hygiene reform projects in Taiwan and Manchuria that provided the model for Republican China. Curiously overlooked by medical historians has been one of the major early works of Japanese public health that directly inspired and guided this colonial medical enterprise. This was that of the Japanese health reformer and colonial officer, Gotō Shinpei (1857–1929), and it was undertaken in Munich as a doctoral thesis under the supervision of Max von Pettenkofer. In this article, I focus on the way in which Shinpei dealt in his thesis with the relations between centralisation and local self-administration as one of the key issues facing hygienic modernisation and colonial biopolitical control.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood development and public health initiatives: who participates?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Froding ◽  
I. Elander ◽  
C. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives
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