Psychophysical Scaling of Stressful Life Events

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Social Readjustment Rating Scale ◽  
Better Than

Birnbaum and Sotoodeh ( PS 2(4), 1991, pp. 236–240) used psychophysical techniques to generate severity weightings for the stressful life events from Holmes and Rake's (1967) Social Readjustment Rating Scale. The techniques Birnhaum and Sotoodeh applied are designed to uncover the structure of judgments and decisions, but in the context of predicting physical symptoms, they do not improve on the original weightings published in 1967. Neither the original Holmes and Rahe weights nor Birnbaum and Sotoodeh's weights were significantly better than unit weighting (1 if event occurred, 0 if not) for predicting physical symptoms of 115 college students.

scholarly journals Role of stress in the development of rheumatoid arthritis: a case–control study

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Germain ◽  
Marc Scherlinger ◽  
Thomas Barnetche ◽  
Clémence Pichon ◽  
Alexandre Balageas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
Early Ra ◽  
Social Readjustment Rating Scale ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives The primary objective of this study was to assess the stressful life events preceding the onset of symptoms in RA. The secondary objectives were to assess how early RA patients perceive stress and cope with stressors. Methods A case–control study was performed, comparing patients recently diagnosed with RA to age- and gender-matched control subjects recently hospitalized for an unplanned surgical procedure not known to be influenced by stress. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale assessed the cumulative stress induced by stressful life events in the year preceding the onset of symptoms. Coping strategies, stress and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using validated psychological scales. Results Seventy-six subjects were included in each group. The mean Social Readjustment Rating Scale score was twice as high in cases compared with controls [respectively, 167.0 (172.5) vs 83.3 (124.4), P < 0.001]. The association between cumulative stress and RA was statistically significant only in women, with a dose-dependent association between stress and RA. While female patients with RA attributed more often the onset of symptoms to a life event than female controls (70.2 vs 24.5%, P < 0.001), no significant difference was found when comparing male RA patients with male controls (26.9 vs 18.5%, respectively, P = 0.46). Increased perceived stress score (P = 0.04) and coping based on emotions (P = 0.001) were found in cases compared with controls. Conclusion Patients with early RA reported more life events in the year preceding the onset of symptoms than controls. Gender specificities were found with a significant association between cumulative stress and RA only in women.

Integration of Stressful Life Events and Well-Being Among College Students

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guler Boyraz ◽  
Victoria A. Felix ◽  
Lisa K. Battle ◽  
John B. Waits ◽  
Danita D. Wynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals Stressful life events and gambling: The roles of coping and impulsivity among college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 106386
Author(s):  
Carol Wang ◽  
Pelin Cunningham-Erdogdu ◽  
Mai-Ly Nguyen Steers ◽  
Andrew Phillip Weinstein ◽  
Clayton Neighbors
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life

Appreciation of Others Buffers the Associations of Stressful Life Events with Depressive and Physical Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Deichert ◽  
Micah Prairie Chicken ◽  
Lexus Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Life

The associations between stressful life events and depression among students in a university in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leano Tumelo Hetolang ◽  
Kennedy Amone-P’Olak
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Gender ◽  
As Relationship

Depression is common among university students and often impacts their career development and health. Stressful life events might be associated with depression but remain to be studied among young adults, especially in non-Western settings. Depression and stressful life events were assessed in 304 students at a university in Botswana ( M = 21.56, standard deviation = 1.86) using the 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the 26-Item Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Regression models were fitted to study the associations between stressful life events and depression while a one-way between-subjects analysis of variance was performed to compare subjects with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression on reporting stressful life events. Depression was present in 22 % of the participants (severe in 8.2% and moderate in 13.8%). More than half of the participants reported 10 or more stressful life events. Stressful life events significantly predicted depression (β = .37, 0.13–0.60). When all the other stressful life events and gender were adjusted for each other, loss of a cell phone, tablet, or laptop and relationship difficulties with peers, parents, and lecturers independently predicted depression. Subjects with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression significantly differed on reporting stressful life events ( F(3, 300) = 12.69, p < .001). Depression is not only common but significantly and increasingly associated with reporting more stressful life events. Types of stressful life events such as relationship difficulties and losses were uniquely associated with depression and should be considered in planning interventions and treatment of depression on university campuses.

Humor Preference and Coping with Stress

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schill ◽  
Shawn O'Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
And Coping

The present study was done to determine whether humor preference was related to how well one copes with stressful life events. Ranked preference for sexual humor was related to efficient coping for male ( n = 79) but not female ( n = 74) college students. Results were seen as consistent in part with Freud's theory of humor.

Coping, life stress, and psychological and somatic distress

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
June E. Higgins ◽  
Norman S. Endler
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Somatic Distress ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Relationship Of

Theory and research have focused on the relationships among coping processes, stressful life events, and psychological and physical distress. This study was designed to examine the relationship of stressful life events and three styles of coping—emotion oriented, task oriented, and avoidance oriented—to physical and psychological distress. Questionnaires measuring coping styles, recent life stressors, and both physical symptoms and psychological symptoms were completed by 205 undergraduates (101 males and 104 females). It was hypothesized that task‐oriented coping would negatively predict distress and that emotion‐oriented coping would positively predict distress. The relationships of two types of avoidance‐oriented coping (distraction and social diversion) to distress were also examined. Multiple regression analyses revealed that task‐oriented coping was negatively related to distress, but only for males. Emotion‐oriented coping was significantly positively predictive of distress for both males and females. The two subcomponents of avoidance‐oriented coping—distraction and social diversion—were differentially related to measures of distress. Life event stress positively predicted distress, both as an independent contributor of variance and in interaction with several coping styles.

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