The Economics of Marriage

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cigno
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Separate Property ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Property Regime ◽  
Future Date

AbstractIn a separate-property jurisdiction, marriage may induce domestic cooperation, and enhance efficiency in the production of children, because it may lend credibility to the prospective main earner’s promise to compensate the main childcarer at some future date, when the children will no longer be economically dependent on them. In a community-property jurisdiction, marriage will induce domestic cooperation, and enhance efficiency in the production of children, because it rules out strategic behavior. Whatever the matrimonial property regime, reducing the cost or difficulty of obtaining a divorce will have no permanent effect on the divorce rate. In separate-property jurisdiction, it will encourage marriage, and induce more married women to specialize in market work. Couples should be allowed to choose the matrimonial property regime.

scholarly journals The Property (Relationship) Amendment Act 2001: A Conceptual Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Nicola Peart
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Property Relationship ◽  
Property System ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Separate Property ◽  
Property Regime

When the Matrimonial Property Act 1976 was introduced, Tony Angelo and Bill Atkin analysed the Act in conceptual terms and welcomed the change from a purely separate property regime to a community property system. It steered an acceptable middle course between competing demands. The Act operated as a deferred community property regime on separation, which was relatively simple and predictable for most couples. This paper analyses the changes made by the Property (Relationships) Amendment Act 2001 and concludes that it has changed the conceptual basis of the property sharing regime, but not in a coherent or principled manner. While the community property system is strenghened in some respects, it is weakened in other respects and overall it introduces an undesirable level of uncertainty and unpredictability.

scholarly journals To Save State Residents: States' Use of Community Property for Federal Tax Reduction, 1939–1947

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-625
Author(s):  
Stephanie Hunter McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
State Law ◽  
Property System ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
Marital Property ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Property Regime

In 1939, at the end of almost two decades of statewide want and despair, Oklahoma adopted the community property system “to save state residents on their federal income tax.” Between 1939 and 1947, Oklahoma and four other states openly and unabashedly exploited the Supreme Court's creation of what amounted to a tax loophole for the nation's wealthy; several more states seriously considered doing the same. In 1930, the Court had ruled that the community marital property regime of eight western states permitted their married couples to split family income between spouses, so that each spouse reported half of that income for federal income tax purposes. As a result of the federal government's progressive income tax bracket structure, in most cases this split meant that more of the family's income would be taxed in lower tax brackets. Thus, a property regime that was purely a creation of state law had the effect of reducing residents' federal tax obligations.

scholarly journals El fuero del Baylío, a propósito del comentario de la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Badajoz, de 18 enero 2019 = The “fuero del Baylío”, with occasion of commentary of the judgment of the Appeal Court of Badajoz, 18th January 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Juliana Rodríguez Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Customary Law ◽  
Appeal Court ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Property Regime

Resumen: La Audiencia Provincial de Badajoz ha vuelto a pronunciarse sobre la aplicación del Fuero del Baylío, en esta ocasión, en relación con una pareja con vecindad civil en Valencia del Ventoso (Badajoz). La sentencia reitera, una vez más, la vigencia y aplicabilidad de esta institución de Derecho consuetudinario foral.Palabras clave: Fuero del Baylío, régimen económico matrimonial, régimen de comunidad universal de bienes, régimen de sociedad de gananciales, derecho consuetudinario, derecho foral, costumbre.Abstract: The Appeal Court of Badajoz has returned to pronounce on the application of the Fuero del Baylío, on this occasion, in relation to a couple with civil vicinity in Valencia del Ventoso (Badajoz). The judgement afirms, once more time, the validity and applicability of this institution.Keywords: Fuero del Baylío, matrimonial property regime, universal community property regime, community property regime, customary law, foral law, custom.

scholarly journals Plural Governance for the Management of Local Public Services: An Empirical Investigation on the French Car Park Industry

M n gement ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé Le Squeren
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

This paper investigates the use of plural governance for the provision of local public services. Most of the studies conducted on local data compare direct public provision (i.e., in-house provision where governments produce public services themselves, using their own equipment and employees) to contracting out. But governments actually face a more complex set of choices than the simple make-or-buy dichotomy. In particular, cities can simultaneously opt for the ‘make’ and ‘buy’ alternatives for the provision of the same public service, and thus produce a portion of the service themselves while contracting with external (public or private) companies. We show how contractual perspectives and the resource-based view of the firm help to understand the rationales behind plural sourcing. Organizations appear to be able to adopt this governance structure to enhance efficiency since it enables them to employ benchmarking strategies. However, authors in public management insist on the specificities of public sector contracting, and our analysis also includes political measures, such as the number of changes of political affiliation at the head of cities. Our empirical analysis examines data about car park management by 97 municipalities in 2010. We use a multinomial logit to compare three distinct alternatives: total internal provision, complete externalization, and plural sourcing. Our results clearly indicate that plural sourcing is a strategic choice that is adopted by municipalities to reduce the cost of service delivery when they suffer from high levels of fiscal stress. Plural governance does not result from the alternation of political parties in power, indicating that political factors do not play a significant role in explaining that sourcing decision.

scholarly journals Strategic behavior in a vacation queue with delayed observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchuan Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Zaiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Service System ◽  
Equilibrium Strategy ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Vacation Model ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

We study an emerging computer network model of delayed observations in which the system is unobservable for the customers at their arrival instants, but after a while, they are informed about their current positions and they may renege. We develop a queueing-game-theoretic vacation model to explore customers' equilibrium strategy, stationary system behavior and social welfare based on a reward-cost structure. Our main results are as follows. First, we determine a closed form of the customers' equilibrium strategy, the expected net benefit of a customer and social welfare in the service system. Second, extensive numerical experiments that demonstrate the effect of vacation rate θ and system announcement rate δ on the equilibrium strategy and social welfare. We find that the impact of announcement rate δ is greater than vacation rate θ in some cases. Finally, we show that the equilibrium strategy can give customers more information and reduce the cost of waiting. Moreover, our results can also provide more precise information to the system administrators.

scholarly journals The Rights of Each Wife in the Division of Community Property in Polygamous Marriage According to Law Number 1 Of 1974 Concerning Marriage

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Nurul Maulidah ◽  
Thohir Luth ◽  
Iwan Permadi ◽  
Masruchin Ruba’i
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Polygamous Marriage ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Separate Property ◽  
Husband And Wife

This study aims to analyze the norms that all wives have the same rights over community property obtained since the marriage took place as the norm in Article 65 paragraph (1) letter c of Law number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Therefore, this will get answers to the rights of each wife to community property in the division of community property in polygamous marriage. This research includes the type of legal research. The research method is based on the nature of legal science whose object is the norm. Legal research assesses legal norms so that it is normative. A man and woman before marriage each have complete rights to their property. After binding themselves to a marriage institution, there are norms governing their rights to property ownership. Community property in a marriage is realized by the effort of husband and wife; however, the capital can also come from separate property or gifts from each husband and wife which are manifested into property in marriage. Determination of community property in polygamous marriages is only based on marriage in which each wife can ignore the rights of another wife.

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