Effect of epidural anaesthesia on dorsal pedis arterial diameter and blood flow

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rørdam ◽  
H. L. Olesen ◽  
J. Sindrup ◽  
N. H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Arterial Diameter

Vasodilation contributes to the rapid hyperemia with rhythmic contractions in humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Shoemaker ◽  
M E Tschakovsky ◽  
R L Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Pulsed Doppler ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Rhythmic Contractions

The hypothesis that the rapid increases in blood flow at the exercise onsetare exclusively due to the mechanical effects of the muscle pump was tested in six volunteersduring dynamic handgrip exercise. While supine, each subject completed a series of eightdifferent exercise tests in which brachial artery blood pressure (BP) was altered by25–30 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) by positioning the arm above or below the heart.Two different weights, corresponding to 4.9 and 9.7% of maximal voluntary isometriccontraction, were raised and lowered at two different contraction rate schedules (1s:1s and 2s:2swork–rest) each with a 50% duty cycle. Beat-by-beat measures of mean blood velocity (MBV)(pulsed Doppler) were obtained at rest and for 5 min following step increases in work ratewith emphasis on the first 24 s. MBV was increased 50–100% above rest following the firstcontraction in both arm positions (p < 0.05). The increase in MBV from rest was greaterin the below position compared with above, and this effect was observed following the first andsubsequent contractions (p < 0.05). However, the positional effect on the increase inMBV could not be explained entirely by the ~40% greater BP in this position. Also, the greaterworkload resulted in greater increases in MBV as early as the first contraction, compared withthe light workload (p < 0.05) despite similar reductions in forearm volume followingsingle contractions. MBV was greater with faster contraction rate tests by 8 s of exercise. Itwas concluded that microvascular vasodilation must act in concert with a reduction in venouspressure to increase forearm blood flow within the initial 2–4 s of exercise.Key words: Doppler, mean blood velocity, arterial diameter,handgrip exercise, perfusion pressure.

The Effect on Uteroplacental Blood Flow of Epidural Anaesthesia Containing Adrenaline for Caesarean Section

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
A. Skjöldebrand ◽  
J. Eklund ◽  
N. -O. Lundell ◽  
L. Nylund ◽  
B. Sarby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow

Venous occlusion plethysmography reduces arterial diameter and flow velocity

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2239-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Hiatt ◽  
S. Y. Huang ◽  
J. G. Regensteiner ◽  
A. J. Micco ◽  
G. Ishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Arterial Inflow

The measurement of peripheral blood flow by plethysmography assumes that the cuff pressure required for venous occlusion does not decrease arterial inflow. However, studies in five normal subjects suggested that calf blood flow measured with a plethysmograph was less than arterial inflow calculated from Doppler velocity measurements. We hypothesized that the pressure required for venous occlusion may have decreased arterial velocity. Further studies revealed that systolic diameter of the superficial femoral artery under a thigh cuff decreased from 7.7 +/- 0.4 to 5.6 +/- 0.7 mm (P less than 0.05) when the inflation pressure was increased from 0 to 40 mmHg. Cuff inflation to 40 mmHg also reduced mean velocity 38% in the common femoral artery and 47% in the popliteal artery. Inflation of a cuff on the arm reduced mean velocity in the radial artery 22% at 20 mmHg, 26% at 40 mmHg, and 33% at 60 mmHg. We conclude that inflation of a cuff on an extremity to low pressures for venous occlusion also caused a reduction in arterial diameter and flow velocity.

Effect of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on splanchnic blood flow

2012 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Richards ◽  
S. I. Kabir ◽  
C.-E. McNaught ◽  
J. MacFie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Thoracic Epidural ◽  
Thoracic Epidural Anaesthesia

scholarly journals Topical Menthol, Ice, Peripheral Blood Flow, and Perceived Discomfort

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Topp ◽  
Elizabeth R. Ledford ◽  
Dean E. Jacks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Crushed Ice

Context Injury management commonly includes decreasing arterial blood flow to the affected site in an attempt to reduce microvascular blood flow and edema and limit the induction of inflammation. Applied separately, ice and menthol gel decrease arterial blood flow, but the combined effects of ice and menthol gel on arterial blood flow are unknown. Objectives To compare radial artery blood flow, arterial diameter, and perceived discomfort before and after the application of 1 of 4 treatment conditions. Design Experimental crossover design. Setting Clinical laboratory. Participants or Other Participants Ten healthy men, 9 healthy women (mean age = 25.68 years, mean height = 1.73 m, mean weight = 76.73 kg). Intervention(s) Four treatment conditions were randomly applied for 20 minutes to the right forearm of participants on 4 different days separated by at least 24 hours: (1) 3.5 mL menthol gel, (2) 0.5 kg of crushed ice, (3) 3.5 mL of menthol gel and 0.5 kg of crushed ice, or (4) no treatment (control). Main Outcome Measure(s) Using high-resolution ultrasound, we measured right radial artery diameter (cm) and blood flow (mL/min) every 5 minutes for 20 minutes after the treatment was applied. Discomfort with the treatment was documented using a 1-to-10 intensity scale. Results Radial artery blood flow decreased (P &lt; .05) from baseline in the ice (−20% to −24%), menthol (−17% to −24%), and ice and menthol (−36% to −39%) treatments but not in the control (3% to 9%) at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. At 20 minutes after baseline, only the ice (−27%) and combined ice and menthol (−38%) treatments exhibited reductions in blood flow (P &lt; .05). Discomfort was less with menthol than with the ice treatment at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after application (P &lt; .05). Arterial diameter and heart rate did not change. Conclusions The application of 3.5 mL of menthol was similar to the application of 0.5 kg of crushed ice in reducing peripheral blood flood. Combining crushed ice with menthol appeared to have an additive effect on reducing blood flow.

scholarly journals Differences in the Properties of the Radial Artery betweenCun,Guan,Chi, and Nearby Segments Using Ultrasonographic Imaging: A Pilot Study on Arterial Depth, Diameter, and Blood Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeuk U. Kim ◽  
Yu Jung Lee ◽  
Jeon Lee ◽  
Jong Yeol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities

Aim of the Study. The three conventional pulse-diagnostic palpation locations (PLs) on both wrists areCun,Guan, andChi, and each location reveals different clinical information. To identify anatomical or hemodynamic specificity, we used ultrasonographic imaging to determine the arterial diameter, radial artery depth, and arterial blood flow velocity at the three PLs and at nearby non-PL segments.Methods. We applied an ultrasound scanner to 44 subjects and studied the changes in the arterial diameter and depth as well as in the average/maximum blood flow velocities along the radial artery at three PLs and three non-PLs located more proximally thanChi.Results. All of the measurements at all of the PLs were significantly different (P< 0.01). Artery depth was significantly different among the non-PLs; however, this difference became insignificant after normalization to the arm circumference.Conclusions. Substantial changes in the hemodynamic and anatomical properties of the radial artery around the three PLs were insignificant at the nearby non-PLs segments. This finding may provide a partial explanation for the diagnostic use of “Cun,Guan, andChi.”

Effects of Repeated Temporary Clipping of the Middle Cerebral Artery on Pial Arterial Diameter, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, and Brain Structure in Cats

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshisuke Sakaki ◽  
Shigeru Tsunoda ◽  
Tetsuya Morimoto ◽  
Taiji Ishida ◽  
Yasunori Sasaoka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Temporary Clipping

Abstract Temporary clipping of the major arterial trunk is an important maneuver to control excessive unexpected bleeding in neurosurgical operations; however, repeated temporary clipping can give rise to severe neurological deficits after surgery. The present study was performed to confirm and explain these clinical findings. Initially, a single 20-minute or 1-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed in each of 5 cats. Pial arterial diameter was determined by video imaging, regional cerebral blood flow was measured by autoradiography, and cerebral edema and infarction were observed. In the 20-minute occlusion group, no abnormal changes were found 5 hours after recirculation. In the 1-hour occlusion group, pial arteries were dilated by 45%, and regional cerebral blood flow increased to more than twice the resting cortical values. The extent of cerebral edema was 41.2 ± 7.5% (SE) and infarction was 34.5 ± 9.5% (SE) of the hemisphere. In the second experiment, three 20-minute occlusions of the middle cerebral artery in a 1-hour interval were performed in 20 cats. In 10 of them, thiopental (40 mg/kg) was used to protect the brain. In the group without barbiturate treatment, pial arteries were dilated by 40% at the end of experiment, regional cerebral blood flow decreased to about 70% compared with single 20-minute occlusion, cerebral edema was 19.5 ± 8.1% (SE), and infarction was 8.1 ± 3.7% (SE) of the hemisphere. In the treated group, these were only trivial changes. The effect of repeated clipping may cumulatively cause brain damage, and barbiturates should be used whenever repeated clipping is necessary.

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