Characteristics of the actions by which 5-HT affects electrical and mechanical activities in rabbit jugular vein

SummaryIn vitro whole blood clots of various ages, experimental thrombi produced in the jugular vein of rabbits and human thrombi from arteries and veins were examined in semi-thin sections and by means of electron microscopy.In all types of clots examined a typical course of retraction was found. Retraction starts with a dense excentrical focus which grows into a densification ring. After 24 hours the entire clot becomes almost homogeneously dense; later a secondary swelling sets in.Shortly after coagulation the erythrocytes on the rim of the clot are bi-concave discs. They then assume the shape of crenate spheres, turn into smooth spheres and finally become indented ghosts which have lost the largest part of their contents. In the inner zone, which makes up the bulk of the clot, we observed bi-concave discs prior to retraction. After retraction we see no crenations but irregularly shaped erythrocytes. Once the secondary swelling sets in, the cross-section becomes polygonal and later spherical. After extensive hemolysis we observe the “retiform thrombus” made up of ghosts.Experimental and clinical thrombi present the same morphology but are differentiated from in vitro clots by: earlier hemolysis, immigration of leukocytes, formation of a rim layer consisting of fibrin and thrombocytes, and the symptoms of organization. Such symptoms of organization which definitely will prevent lysis with streptokinase were found relatively late in experimental and clinical thrombi. Capillary buds and capillary loops were never found in clinical thrombi prior to the third month.The morphological findings agree with earlier physical and enzymatic investigations. The observation that phenomena of reorganization occur relatively late and frequently only in the rim areas of large thrombi explains why lytic therapy is possible in some of the chronic obliterations.

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Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Rats

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1654995 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 09 (02) ◽

pp. 427-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arne Nordöy

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Single Dose ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Methanol Solution ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

Slight Effect ◽

Plasma Coagulation ◽

Global Tests

Summary1. Thrombosis in rats were produced by Blake et al.’s technique of application of formalin solution to the jugular vein. The incidence of thrombosis produced by a 10% (v/v) formalin in 65% methanol solution and observed after 24 hours was 30% ± 4.6 S. D.2. The administration of 100 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight orally every fourth hour for 24 hours increased the incidence of thrombosis about twice (to about 65%).A single dose of 400 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight had a slight effect only.3. EACA increased markedly the antifibrinolytic activity in plasma with a maximum after 3—5 hours oral administration. A moderate increase in the fibrinogen concentration was observed in all groups.4. Global tests for plasma coagulation, the platelet count and the number of adhesive platelets were not significantly influenced by the administration of EACA.

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Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with valved bovine jugular vein conduit

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1037908 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

W Kuroczynski ◽

C Kampmann ◽

C Martin ◽

M Heinemann ◽

D Pruefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Ventricular ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽

Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽

Outflow Tract ◽

Bovine Jugular Vein

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Thigh Cuff Effects on Venous Flow Redistribution During 4 Days in Dry Immersion

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance ◽

10.3357/amhp.5524.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 697-702

Author(s):

Philippe Arbeille ◽

Danielle Greaves ◽

Laurent Guillon ◽

Stephane Besnard

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricle ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Cerebral Vein ◽

Fluid Shift ◽

Venous Flow ◽

Additional Measure ◽

Dry Immersion ◽

Vein Diameter

PURPOSE: The objective was to quantify the venous redistribution during a 4-d dry immersion (DI) and evaluate the effect of thigh cuffs.METHODS: The study included nine control (Co) and nine subjects wearing thigh cuffs during the daytime (CU). Ultrasound measures were performed Pre-DI, on day 4 AM (D4 AM) and D4 PM: left ventricle stroke volume and ejection fraction (SV, EF), jugular vein volume (JVvol), portal vein diameter (PV), and middle cerebral vein velocity (MCVv). An additional measure of JVvol was performed on Day 1 after 2 h in DI.RESULTS: After 2 h in DI, JVvol increased significantly from Pre in both groups, but increased more in the Co compared to the CU subjects (Co: 0.27 0.15 cm3 to 0.94 0.22 cm3; CU: 0.32 0.13 cm3 to 0.64 0.32 cm3). At D4 AM, SV and EF decreased from Pre (SV: 111 23 cm3 to 93 24 cm3; EF: 0.66 0.07 to 0.62 0.07). JVvol was slightly increased (Co: 0.47 0.22 cm3 CU: 0.35 014 cm3). MCVv and PV remained unchanged from Pre-DI. No difference was found between the two groups for any of the parameters measured. From D4 AM to PM, no significant change was observed for any parameter.CONCLUSION: The results confirm that DI induces, during the first 2-3 h, a significant cephalic fluid shift as observed in spaceflight. During this early phase, the thigh cuffs reduced the amplitude of the fluid shift toward the head, but after 4 d in DI there was only a slight memory (residual) effect of DI on the jugular volume and no residual effect of the thigh cuffs.Arbeille P, Greaves D, Guillon L, Besnard S. Thigh cuff effects on venous flow redistribution during 4 days in dry immersion. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(9):697702.

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