Coal Use for Electricity Generation in Developing Countries

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
SATORU MURAI ◽  
AKIRA KINOSHITA
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electricity Generation

scholarly journals Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yoshida ◽  
Han Soo Lee ◽  
Bui Huy Trung ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Mahrjan Keshlav Lall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Mekong Basin ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
Lower Mekong Basin

The riverine ecosystems of the Mekong River Basin possess the world’s most productive inland fishery and provide highly productive food crops for millions of people annually. The development of hydropower potential in the Mekong River has long been of interest to governments in the region. Among the existing 64 dams, 46 dams have been built in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) to produce up to 8650 MW of electricity. Additionally, of the 123 proposed built hydropower dams, eleven hydropower plants have been nominated for the river mainstream and are expected to install a total of 13,000 MW in the LMB countries. However, serious concerns have intensified over the potential negative economic consequences, especially on fisheries and agriculture in Cambodia and Vietnam. To date, most of the concerns have concentrated on the impacts on hydrology, environment, livelihood, and diversity in the LMB attributed to hydropower development. This paper, however, discusses the fishery and agricultural sectors of the LMB and focuses on the downstream floodplains of Cambodia and Vietnam. The dam construction has caused greater losses of biodiversity and fisheries than climate change in the LMB. The reduction of 276,847 and 178,169 t of fish, 3.7% and 2.3% of rice, 21.0% and 10.0% of maize will contribute to a decrease of 3.7% and 0.3% of the GDP of Cambodia and Vietnam, respectively. Lao PDR may benefit the most revenue from electricity generation than the other country in the LMB, as most of the proposed dams are projected in the country. Cambodia burdens 3/4 of the reduction of total capture fishery destruction, whilst Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam endure the remaining 1/3 losses. The tradeoff analyses reveal that losses of capture fisheries, sediment or nutrients, and social mitigation costs are greater than the benefits from electricity generation, improved irrigation, and flood control of the LMB region. The socioeconomic and environmental damage caused by hydropower dams in developing countries, including the Mekong, is greater than the early costs in North America and Europe. It is proposed that dam construction for hydropower in the Mekong River, as well as other rivers in developing countries, should be gradually removed and shifted toward solar, wind, and other renewable resources.

Conceptual Design of Small-Sized HTGR System for Steam Supply and Electricity Generation (HTR50S)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Ohashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Sato ◽  
Yujiro Tazawa ◽  
Xing L. Yan ◽  
Yukio Tachibana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
System Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Commercial Plant

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has started a conceptual design of a small-sized HTGR for steam supply and electricity generation (HTR50S) to deploy the high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) in developing countries at an early date (i.e., in the 2030s). Its reactor power is 50MWt and the reactor outlet temperature is 750°C. It is a first-of-kind of the commercial plant or a demonstration plant of a small-sized HTGR system for steam supply to the industries and the district heating, and electricity generation using a steam turbine. The design philosophy of the HTR50S is to upgrade the performance from the Japanese first HTGR (HTTR) and to reduce the cost for the commercialization by utilizing the knowledge obtained by the HTTR operation and the design of an advanced commercial plant of 600 MWt-class Very High Temperature Reactor (GTHTR300 series). The major specifications of the HTR50S were determined based on its design philosophy. And the targets of the technology demonstration using the HTR50S for the future commercial small-sized HTGR were identified. The system design of HTR50S was performed to offer the capability of electricity generation, cogeneration of electricity and steam for a district heating and industries. The market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries was evaluated for the application of the electricity, process heat, district heating and pure water production. It was confirmed that there is enough market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries. This paper described the major specification and system design of the HTR50S and the market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries.

Rural Electrification Using Diesel Power Systems in Fiji: A Review

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Pacific Island

For small developing countries such as Fiji being devoid of conventional energy resources such as petroleum products, coal or natural gas, there is always heavy, and in many cases total, reliance on conventional energy sources for transportation, industries and for electricity generation. Fiji, like most of its South Pacific island neighbours, has relied very heavily on petroleum products for all of these, except for electricity generation since 1983, when hydro-electricity became the major source of electricity for the country.

A biomass powered Ringbom-Stirling engine for developing countries: a low-budget solution for distributed electricity generation

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (08) ◽  
pp. 659-662
Author(s):  
S. Parmigiani ◽  
D. Zani ◽  
C. Invernizzi ◽  
A. Mazzù ◽  
V. Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Stirling Engine

scholarly journals Tax Instruments Applied In Selected Developing Countries To Reduce Emissions From Electricity Generation Recommendations For South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Mareli Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
South African Government ◽  
African Government ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The objective of the study was to compare the tax instruments (both incentives and disincentives) applied in selected developing countries (four BRICS countries, namely South Africa, China, Brazil and India) to reduce their emissions from electricity generation, in an attempt to identify areas for possible improvement or expansion in South Africa. Increased renewable energy, energy efficiency and research and development relating to these fields can contribute to the reduction of emissions resulting from electricity generation. A number of similar tax incentives were identified in the countries, the majority of which appear to be more beneficial in the comparative countries than in South Africa. It could be worth considering improving some of the existing incentives in South Africa to be more beneficial to taxpayers. In addition, a number of tax instruments that are applied in some of the comparative countries, were identified and suggested for consideration by the South African government.

scholarly journals External costs from fossil electricity generation: A review of the applied impact pathway approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Jorli ◽  
Steven Van Passel ◽  
Hossein Sadeghi Saghdel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Impact Pathway ◽  
The Impact

This paper reviews and compares 11 studies that have estimated external costs of fossil electricity generation by benefits transfer. These studies include 13 countries and most of these countries are developing countries. The impact pathway approach is applied to estimate the environmental impact arising from fossil fuel-fired power plant’s air emission and the related damages on human health. The estimated damages are used to value the monetary external costs from fossil fuel electricity generation. The estimated external costs in the 13 countries vary from 0.51 to 213.5 USD (2005) per MW h due to differences in fossil fuel quality, location, technology, and efficiency of power plants and additionally differences in assumptions, monetization values, and impact estimations. Accounting for these externalities can indicate the actual costs of fossil energy. The results can be applied by policy makers to take measures to avoid additional costs and to apply newer and cleaner energy sources. The described methods in the selected studies for estimating the external costs with respect to incomplete local data can be applied as a useful example for other developing countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document