Measuring and Analyzing Green Economy on Sustainable Development in Iraq

The climatic conditions, global environmental crises and disasters and the exacerbation of the pollution problem have prompted global economic and financial organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to reconsider traditional economic models, Which resulted from it the emergence of the concept of green economy. Which made the economy more efficient by increasing the productivity of used resources and directing investments towards sustainable management of natural resources to increase their economic and environmental productivity and their ability to create green jobs and support the poor to the maximum extent possible. Because of the modernity of this economy, developing countries requested not to impose a single model that includes developed and developing economies at the United Nations Conference (Rio + 20) held in the Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro in 2012, and the necessity to create a broad concept for a green economy that is flexible and takes into account the disparity in levels of economic development and transformation policies Towards a green economy. Many scientific studies have proven that the development of the relationship between man and the environment was characterized by an increase and an imbalance between environmental degradation and human progress. The earth, with all its surrounding organisms, is the natural home of man who gets it, and many studies and research revealed that the environments in which a person lives can be It causes an increase or decrease in stress on his body, as the uncomfortable environment causes feelings of anxiety or sadness in contrast to a comfortable environment, and a person finds pleasure in nature regardless of his age or culture, and more than two-thirds of people choose to be in a natural environment to get rid of psychological pressure and cure many diseases Psychological and physical. The research aims to activate the role of the green economy in achieving sustainable development and focus on the health aspect. To achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive and analytical approach was used to study the reality of the trend towards a green economy in Iraq and its role in achieving development. A quantitative approach is used to analyze and interpret the impact of the green economy on sustainable development. And through the benchmarks, it was found that there is a relationship between the sustainable development indicators and the green economy index.

Improving the Level of Economic Development and Social Welfare in Rural Areas for Young People

One of the three global goals set by states is to eradicate poverty and ensure economic and social progress for all. Young people in many low- and middle-income countries face exceptional challenges in finding their place in a globalizing economy. Integrating hundreds of millions of young people into the labor market is one of the greatest global development challenges for decades to come. Rural populations all over the world are aging. The role of young people as drivers of change in agricultural and food systems and their place in rural labor markets is receiving increasing attention at the global level, especially as a result of increased global migration flows. How can this problem be transformed into a “youth” driving force for rural development? This paper argues for leveraging growing demand for agricultural products and recent advances in the agricultural sector to expand youth employment opportunities and promote attractive decent jobs, especially green jobs, in rural areas. The paper analyses the situation in our daily life, in which the proportion of the worldwide countries are dealing with the problem related to the economic development and social welfare in rural areas. The paper includes the following issues such as the attractiveness and creation of opportunities for youth and consideration of them as the main partners in rural areas play a crucial role nowadays. Moreover, green jobs as well are effective and efficient in enhancement of both productivity and sustainability of agricultural sphere. The question is how to transform this challenge into an opportunity and harness the energy of young people as a driving force for development. The role of young people as drivers of change in agro-food systems and their place in rural labor markets is receiving increasing attention at the global level, especially as a result of increased global migration flows. A top priority for developed and developing countries is to systematically mainstream youth rural decent employment issues into programs and investment projects in agriculture, value chains, agro-industry development, rural transformation, and sustainable food systems. This paper argues for expanding employment opportunities for youth through the creation of decent jobs, especially green jobs, in rural areas.

Introduction

This book provides policy framework on “towards a Green Economy in the Transport Sector” draws inspiration from the UNEP report on Green Economy Modeling (2014), which focused on South Africa with respect to Transport, Natural Resource Management, Agriculture, and Energy sectors. This is because in the last 10 years natural resources, environmental risks and ecological issues have come to the attention of the international community because the subject is fundamentally important for overarching sustainable growth. It is important to note that environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and climate change in different regions of the world including South Africa result in significant problems. However, the challenges can provide an opportunity to do things differently. Further to this in 2010, South Africa hosted the Green Economy Summit to set up the stage for the formulation of a Green Economy Plan. In line with this, the choice for a New Growth Path (NGP) was formulated and it was aimed at creating new green jobs in their thousands by 2020. It was in this context that the NGP policy framework on green economy in the transport sector was envisaged to respond to the request by Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA) to assess potential opportunities and policy levers to inform a green economy in the transport sector. The findings from the desktop research, the stakeholder workshop and the field survey reports form the basis from which the policy framework recommendations in this report were made.

Green jobs for physics graduates

With their mix of technical knowledge and problem-solving skills, physics graduates are ideally placed to tackle the world’s environmental challenges. Laura Hiscott speaks to a range of physicists who are doing their bit to build a greener, more sustainable future.

The Significance of “Green” Skills and Competencies Making the Transition Towards the “Greener” Economy

Climate change and environmental deterioration have been recognized as global drivers of change, and the shift to the “greener” economy is the key to sustainable development. The green economy is a priority field for developing and developed economies. However, as the authors of the publication have realised, there is no consensus about the meaning of the green economy and “green” jobs, that is why an uncertainty as in measurement of economic trends and an impact of it, as well as in what skills and competencies should be assigned to the “green” ones, arises. The new “green” processes and technologies are arising in a progressive trend, that is why it is important to ensure there are properly skilled candidates with appropriate “green” skills and competencies on the labour market, as well as to prepare fresh graduates with the “green” skills that will meet requirement of both, the recent and the future companies, especially operating in the “green” sector. In the framework of “SB Bridge” project an online survey was conducted by interviewing the “green” companies to identify which skills and competencies are needed for “green” jobs recently, and whether candidates and fresh graduates are enough with the “green” skills and competencies for fruitful engagement to “green” jobs. As the survey identified, fresh graduates and candidates for “green” jobs lack technical and (or) mechanical knowledge, IT skills, as well as experience and ability to work independently and in the team to resolve arising problems.

Implementation of the “green growth” concept in the Russian Arctic (on the example of the Murmansk region)

The article presents the results of studying the possibilities for reconciling environmental and social sustainability with economic growth in the Russian Arctic in the context of the “green growth” concept. Analyzing the practices of municipal solid waste and mining waste management in the Murmansk region, the researchers have identified the following: aspects of the existing policy that will contribute to “green growth” in the future; the potential for creating new green jobs; the degree of awareness of the “green growth” concept among specialists. The study shows that national and regional waste management legislation generally contributes to the creation of conditions for “green growth”. The next step in enhancing a green growth policy should be measures to stimulate investment in the creation of markets of secondary resources. It is also necessary to simplify the procedure for access to the processing of mining waste for small and medium enterprises, they are more mobile and may be economically interested in processing small volumes of waste. The analysis of investments in waste management industry shows that in the case of municipal solid waste, legislation has stimulated the creation of new capacities and a significant number of “green jobs”. In the case of mining waste, investments directly in waste processing are sporadic, but investments are made to reduce the negative impact on the environment and to increase resource and energy efficiency. There is very little awareness of the “green growth” concept among all the actors involved in waste management. This creates a fragmented space for the “green growth” policy implementation, which prevents a more complete involvement of intellectual resources in the “green growth” process.

Bicycle Industry As a Post-pandemic Green Recovery Driver in an Emerging Economy: A SWOT Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed socioeconomic vulnerabilities around the world. After fighting the coronavirus for more than one and a half years now, the countries are recovering from the epidemic with the help of cutting-edge medical research. The policymakers are implementing stimulus packages for post-pandemic economic recovery. However, sustainable ‘green recovery’ plans are yet to get adequate attention. Sustainable investment in green industries can create green jobs, promote a low-carbon economy, and foster long-lasting economic growth in the post-pandemic world. The COVID-19 affected countries with emerging economies call for even more focus on such investments. In Bangladesh, the bicycle industry - a growing low-carbon industry – has been showing promising potential for growth since the beginning of the pandemic. Both the local and global markets of Bangladeshi bicycles have seen substantial growth during the epidemic. In this paper, we analyze the potential of the Bangladeshi bicycle industry as an effective green recovery driver. We conduct semi-structured interviews with relevant experts and professionals, analyze their opinions, and perform a ‘strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)’ analysis. The analysis reveals valuable insights regarding post-pandemic sustainable economic and environmental recovery which will be beneficial to the policymakers of Bangladesh and similar developing countries.

Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy in European SMEs: Investigating the Role of Green Jobs and Skills

This study explored the size and potential of green employment for circular economy (CE) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union, and investigated the role of green jobs and skills for the implementation of CE practices. The data were collected in a Eurobarometer survey, and refer to resource efficiency, green markets, and CE procedures. Lack of environmental expertise is one of the factors that might be perceived as an obstacle when trying to implement resource-efficiency actions. Previous research has shown that, although resource-efficiency practices are adopted by firms in all European countries, there are differences both within and between countries. The analysis of the determinants of green behavior by European SMEs was completed by a study of heterogeneity across firms and within countries with a multilevel latent class model, a hierarchical clustering method. A general important observation is that having no workers dedicated to green jobs is strongly correlated to the probability of adopting resource-efficiency practices, while perceiving the need of extra environmental skills has a positive effect on the intention to implement actions in the future. Other characteristics of the firms play a significant impact on resource efficiency: in general, older and bigger firms, with larger yearly turnover, are more prone to implement actions.