scholarly journals HIGH FREQUENCY OF ONE ELEMENT OF SEGREGATION DISTORTER IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Evolution ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Hartl ◽  
Nancy Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Segregation Distorter

scholarly journals Rapid Evolution of a Coadapted Gene Complex: Evidence From the Segregation Distorter (SD) System of Meiotic Drive in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1675-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F Palopoli ◽  
Chung-I Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Normal Homologue ◽  
Coadapted Gene Complex

Abstract Segregation Distorter (SD) is a system of meiotic drive found in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Males heterozygous for an SD second chromosome and a normal homologue (SD  +) produce predominantly SD-bearing sperm. The coadapted gene complex responsible for this transmission advantage spans the second chromosome centromere, consisting of three major and several minor interacting loci. To investigate the evolutionary history of this system, we surveyed levels of polymorphism and divergence at six genes that together encompass this pericentromeric region and span seven map units. Interestingly, there was no discernible divergence between SD and SD  + chromosomes for any of these molecular markers. Furthermore, SD chromosomes harbored much less polymorphism than did SD  + chromosomes. The results suggest that the SD system evolved recently, swept to appreciable frequencies worldwide, and carried with it the entire second chromosome centromeric region (roughly 10% of the genome). Despite its well-documented genetic complexity, this coadapted system appears to have evolved on a time scale that is much shorter than can be gauged using nucleotide substitution data. Finally, the large genomic region hitchhiking with SD indicates that a multilocus, epistatically selected system could affect the levels of DNA polymorphism observed in regions of reduced recombination.

MEIOTIC DRIVE IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. IX. SUPPRESSORS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTER IN WILD POPULATIONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
The Difference

A population of Drosophila melanogaster in Madison, Wisconsin, has been screened for suppressors of segregation distorter (SD), an autosomal meiotic drive element found in the same population. Three kinds of suppressors were tested for: (1) Y-linked suppressors, none were found, (2) X-linked suppressors, whose frequency was found to be 85%, and (3) autosomal dominant suppressors, which occur in 45% of autosome complements.The frequency of X-linked suppressors is comparable to that found in a Japanese population; autosomal suppressors are much more frequent in Madison than in Japan (Katoaka, 1967). The similarity in the frequency of sex-linked suppressors may result from the meiotic drive shown by the suppressor-X itself; the difference in the frequency of autosomal dominant suppressors is possibly related to a higher frequency of SD itself in the Madison population.

scholarly journals GAMETIC FREQUENCY OF SECOND CHROMOSOMES OF THE T-007 TYPE IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN TEXAS

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽  
Mary V Gerstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Stock ◽  
Segregation Distorter

ABSTRACT The T-007 second chromosome, which was isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster in south Texas in 1970, is known to show, when made heterozygous in males with a standard cn bw second chromosome, a transmission frequency (k) of 0.35—much lower than the theoretically expected 0.5. Natural populations of this species in Texas contain second chromosomes that, against the standard cn bw genetic background, are associated with distorted transmission frequencies comparable to that of the T-007 chromosome. In order to explain how such chromosomes can persist in natural populations in nontrivial frequencies, it has been postulated that, although such chromosomes show reduced k values when tested under the genetic background of a laboratory stock such as cn bw, they may show, on the average, k values larger than 0.5 under natural genetic backgrounds. If this were true, the frequency of chromosomes of the T-007 type (T chromosomes) should be higher in male than in female gametes under natural genetic backgrounds. The present study was conducted to examine this possibility. The results clearly showed that the frequency of such chromosomes was much higher among male than among female gametes, and that the transmission frequency of this type of chromosome was higher than 0.5 under natural genetic backgrounds. These results suggest that T chromosomes behave like Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosomes in natural populations of this species in Texas. A possible relationship between T-007 and SD chromosomes is suggested.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSOR SYSTEMS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTER (SD) CHROMOSOMES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽  
Anita M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Heterozygous Male ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Carolina Population

ABSTRACT Several natural populations of D. melanogaster were investigated for the presence (or absence) of the Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosomes and their suppressor systems. The SD chromosomes were found, at frequencies of a few percent, in two independent samples taken in different years from a Raleigh, North Carolina, population, whereas no SD chromosomes were found in samples collected from several populations in Texas. The populations in these localities were found to contain suppressor X chromosomes in high frequencies (75% or higher). They also contained relatively low frequencies of partial suppressor or insensitive second chromosomes of varying degrees, but completely insensitive second chromosomes were practically absent in all populations examined. The frequencies of suppressor X chromosomes, as well as those of the partially insensitive or suppressor second chromosomes, were the same among the populations investigated. This suggests the possibility that the development of a suppressor system of SD in a population could be independent of the presence of an SD chromosome. Segregation distortion appeared to be occurring in natural genetic backgrounds, but the degree of distortion varied among males of different genotypes. There were many instances in which the SD chromosomes showed transmission frequencies from their heterozygous male parents that were smaller than 0.6 and, in several cases, even smaller than 0.5. The presence of a recessive suppressor, or suppressors, of SD in natural populations was suggested.

Tumori in Diverse Specie Del Genere Drosophila

1953 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danko Brncic ◽  
Susie Koref
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Different Strains

Melanotic bodies, in all similar to the tumors described in Drosophila melanogaster, were found in natural populations of the following species of the genus Drosophila: D. campestris, D. bainderantorum, D. bocainensis. D. griseolineata, D. guaramunú, D. immigrans, D. mediostriata, D. mediopunctata, D. nebulosa, D. repleta, D. simulans, D. sturtevanti, D. virilis, D. willstoni. In stocks maintained in the laboratory for a long time, it was determined that the frequency of tumors varied from 0 to 5‰, with a mean value of 1-2‰. The highest percentage was found in the D. sturtevanti - Belem strain (2.08%). Different strains from a same species had different tumor frequencies. The study of the offspring of tumor bearing flies, and the cross of strains selected for a high frequency of tumors, reveled that these were inherited through rcessive genes of incomplete penetrance. As in D. melanogaster, the tumors appear in the larval stage and regress at the end of this period loading themeselves with melanic pigments. These melanized tumor rests persist in the pupae and adults’ as foreing bodies which apparently produce no important alterations to their bearers.

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