scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE TIME OF DAY AT WHICH DIURNAL MOTHS PAINTED TO RESEMBLE BUTTERFLIES ARE ATTACKED BY BIRDS

Evolution ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Jeffords ◽  
G. P. Waldbauer ◽  
J. G. Sternburg
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day

scholarly journals Accuracy of Doppler Determinations of Station Positions

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Self Consistent

Locations of Doppler satellite observing stations have been revised to obtain a set which is more self-consistent and more consistent with the CIO pole. Residuals of satellite observations for 1970 have been analyzed using the new coordinates to determine mean and standard errors for five days of observations of latitude versus station, time of day, and elevation angle. The accuracy of the determination of latitude is about 4 meters at moderate and high elevation angles. But since more satellite passes occur at lower elevation angles, the accuracy of determination of a component of position based on five days of observation of one satellite is only about 2 meters.

Megaliths and Mathematics

Antiquity ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (158) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Thom
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Random Set ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Unit Of Length ◽  
And Mathematics

It is becoming apparent that megalithic man possessed and used a considerable knowledge of geometry. As more of his constructions are unravelled, we obtain an increasing appreciation of his attainments. Undoubtedly he also observed the heavenly bodies and used them to tell the time of day or night and to tell the day of the year. To take geometry first, let us look at the various shapes which, in his hands, a ring of stone could take. To understand these rings fully it is necessary to appreciate that he used extensively a very precise unit of length—the megalithic yard (MY). The exact length of this unit has become known to us by an examination of simple circles and flattened circles. When the author produced the first batch of circle diameters there was no universally accepted statistical analysis for the determination of the reliability of a quantum such as the suggested value for the megalithic yard. Then Broadbent produced two papers providing exactly the methods required to find, from a set of measurements, the most probable value of the quantum and the probability level at which it could be accepted [1,2]. This last is very important because Hammersley had shown that almost any random set of (say) diameters will yield an apparent unit of some sort.

Determination of the Time of Day at Which Diurnal Moths Painted to Resemble Butterflies are Attacked by Birds

Evolution ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Jeffords ◽  
G. P. Waldbauer ◽  
J. G. Sternburg
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day

scholarly journals Selection of a method for calculating heat gain from solar radiation to determine the load on the climate system of the cabin of a mobile car

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Maslenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. The article analyzes and selects the most rational methods for calculating the heat gain from solar radiation. The correct calculation of this component of the heat balance allows you to correctly determine the power of the projected cabin climate system, which will ensure optimal working conditions at the workplace of mobile car operators. Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to analyze and select a rational method for calculating heat gain from solar radiation for the correct determination of the thermal load on the climate system of the cabin of a mobile car. Theoretical Part. To implement the task, the most common methods for calculating solar radiation were described and analyzed in detail and the most accurate ones were recommended. Conclusions. The more labor-intensive method of V.N. Bogoslovskiy (taking into account the time of day) can be recommended for automated calculations in Excel, and the method of P.Y. Gamburg (taking into account the sides of the horizon) — for comparative estimated engineering calculations. When conducting "in-depth" model calculations and accounting for solar radiation, the ASHRAE method is explicitly suitable, which has two important advantages: it takes into account the solar factor in relation to a specific type of glazing and is adapted for automated calculations in ANSYS FLUENT.

Environmental factors influencing pupal colour determination in Lepidoptera I. Experiments with Papilio polytes, Papilio demoleus and Papilio polyxenes

1978 ◽  
Vol 200 (1140) ◽  
pp. 295-329 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Papilio Polyxenes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Papilio Demoleus ◽  
Pupation Site ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Papilio Polytes

In greenhouse populations of Papilio polytes and Papilio demoleus it has been found that there is a greater probability for green pupae to be formed amongst green vegetation and brown ones on brown stems. Experiments have shown that the determination of pupal coloration depends upon variations in the environmental conditions experienced by a pupating larva. In both species the texture of the pupational substrate appears to be an important factor, brown pupae tending to be found on rough surfaces and green pupae on smooth ones. The effect is more pronounced in P. polytes than P. demoleus . Background colour also has some effect in both species though less than texture, and is more important in P. demoleus than P. polytes . Papilio polyxenes also appears to be affected by background colour. Differences in the relative importance of these factors in P. polytes and P. demoleus is interpreted in relation to the time of day a larva selects its pupation site. It is concluded that texture is relatively more important when the selection of a pupation site occurs in the dark as in P. polytes . Relative humidity, temperature and photoperiod also affect pupal colour and may be important relative to seasonal changes during the year. Physiologically the determination of pupal colour depends on the presence or absence of a hormone. Brown cuticle in both P. polytes and P. demoleus is produced following the secretion of hormone from a source in the head prior to the pupational moult. A green cuticle results when the pigmentation hormone is not secreted.

Effects of melatonin on 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose uptake within rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. R332-R337 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Cassone ◽  
M. H. Roberts ◽  
R. Y. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dose Dependent

Previously, we have demonstrated that metabolic activity, shown by autoradiographic determination of 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose (2-DG) uptake, within the rat hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) was inhibited by subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg melatonin. To determine whether this effect was specific to a particular time of day, the effects of melatonin on 2-DG uptake were studied in several hypothalamic areas, including the SCN, supraoptic nuclei (SON), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), and anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) every 4 h throughout the circadian day. In a second experiment, the effects of different melatonin doses were studied at the time of day at which melatonin had its maximal effect to determine the dose-response relationship of melatonin-induced inhibition of SCN 2-DG uptake. The data indicate that melatonin inhibited 2-DG uptake in the SCN alone at one time of day, primarily at circadian time (CT) 6 and CT10, 2-6 h before subjective dusk, and secondarily at CT22, just before subjective dawn. This effect was dose dependent with a 50% effective dose of 1.49 +/- 2.30 micrograms/kg. The temporal and dose-response characteristics of these effects are similar to those characterizing the entraining effects of melatonin on circadian patterns of locomotion and drinking.

Determination of time-of-day schedules in the Portuguese electric sector

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Apolinario ◽  
N. Felizardo ◽  
A.L. Garcia ◽  
P. Oliveira ◽  
A. Trinidad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Electric Sector

Intra- and extravascular turnover of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in normal man

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Trh Analogues

ABSTRACT In 14 normal subjects constant TRH infusions for determination of plasma clearance rate (PCR) and half-life of disappearance (t½) of TRH were carried out with simultaneous determination of half-life of disappearance of TRH in serum in vitro (t½p). PCR, t½ and t½p were 1532 ± 423 ml/min, 6·6 ± 1·5 min and 16·8 ± 9·4 min respectively (mean ± s.d.) and displayed only minor fluctuations when determined repeatedly in the same subjects (coefficients of variation within individuals were 15·1, 10·6 and 7·5% respectively). Simultaneous determination of PCR, t½ and t½p enabled calculation of the half-life of disappearance of TRH in the extravascular tissue compartment (t½t). Values of t½t (6·3 ± 1·4 min) correlated to t½p (r = 0·95). Activities of TRH-degrading enzymes in tissues and in serum were independent of sex, phase of female menstrual cycle, time of day and of the concentrations of TRH used. The methods employed for this investigation offer the possibility of examining the degradation of TRH and TRH analogues both in the serum and in the extravascular compartment during various conditions. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 511–516

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