scholarly journals Nitrosomonas Nm143-like ammonia oxidizers and Nitrospira marina-like nitrite oxidizers dominate the nitrifier community in a marine aquaculture biofilm

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel U. Foesel ◽  
Armin Gieseke ◽  
Carsten Schwermer ◽  
Peter Stief ◽  
Liat Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

Coupling Between and Among Ammonia Oxidizers and Nitrite Oxidizers in Grassland Mesocosms Submitted to Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Simonin ◽  
Xavier Le Roux ◽  
Franck Poly ◽  
Catherine Lerondelle ◽  
Bruce A. Hungate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

scholarly journals Nitrifier adaptation to low energy flux controls inventory of reduced nitrogen in the dark ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4823-4830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
Lei Hou ◽  
Emily J. Zakem ◽  
Xianhui Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

Ammonia oxidation to nitrite and its subsequent oxidation to nitrate provides energy to the two populations of nitrifying chemoautotrophs in the energy-starved dark ocean, driving a coupling between reduced inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and production of new organic carbon (C) in the dark ocean. However, the relationship between the flux of new C production and the fluxes of N of the two steps of oxidation remains unclear. Here, we show that, despite orders-of-magnitude difference in cell abundances between ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers, the two populations sustain similar bulk N-oxidation rates throughout the deep waters with similarly high affinities for ammonia and nitrite under increasing substrate limitation, thus maintaining overall homeostasis in the oceanic nitrification pathway. Our observations confirm the theoretical predictions of a redox-informed ecosystem model. Using balances from this model, we suggest that consistently low ammonia and nitrite concentrations are maintained when the two populations have similarly high substrate affinities and their loss rates are proportional to their maximum growth rates. The stoichiometric relations between the fluxes of C and N indicate a threefold to fourfold higher C-fixation efficiency per mole of N oxidized by ammonia oxidizers compared to nitrite oxidizers due to nearly identical apparent energetic requirements for C fixation of the two populations. We estimate that the rate of chemoautotrophic C fixation amounts to ∼1 × 1013to ∼2 × 1013mol of C per year globally through the flux of ∼1 × 1014to ∼2 × 1014mol of N per year of the two steps of oxidation throughout the dark ocean.

Nitrite oxidation inhibition by hydroxylamine: experimental and model evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. (Lek) Noophan ◽  
L.A. Figueroa ◽  
J. Munakata-Marr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

A proposed approach for biological nitrogen removal significantly reduces cost by reducing biomass production and carbon requirements via inhibition of nitrite oxidation (NO2− to NO3−). Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effect of hydroxylamine (HM) on nitrite oxidizers, ammonia oxidizers, and nitrite reducers. Hydroxylamine effect experiments were done at initial pH values of 7.4-8.4, nitrogen concentrations of 100 mg N/L, biomass concentrations of 100-400 mg VSS/L and HM dosages up to 43 mg/L. Nitrite oxidizer activity was completely inhibited by HM at dosages of 7.0 and 8.9 mg/L for pH values of 8.4 and 7.6, respectively. Relatively low HM concentrations (0.35-5.5 mg/L) can be used to completely inhibit nitrite oxidation, but do not significantly affect ammonia oxidizers and nitrite reducers. A model developed to describe the effect of pH on nitrite oxidation rate fits the data well (R2 = 0.89) with values for Vmax of 0.372 (mg N/mg VSS-hr), pH* of 7.72, and the inhibition constant Kh of 0.154. Incorporation of HM inhibition into the model provided a good fit to relative nitrite oxidation rate as a function of undissociated HM concentration (R2 = 0.80, Vmax = 0.028 mg N/mg VSS-hr, pH* = 7.89, Kh * 0.302, a * 0.195, and Ki = 0.277 mg/L).

Numbers, activities, and diversity of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a freshwater, eutrophic lake sediment

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Smorczewski ◽  
E. L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

The microbiological and chemical potential for ammonia oxidation in a freshwater, eutrophic lake sediment was examined in relation to environmental changes caused by seasonal, dimictic circulation. Poulations of both ammonia and nitrite oxidizers as estimated by most probable number (MPN) were sustained throughout extended anaerobic summer intervals, with nitrite oxidizers outnumbering ammonia oxidizers by a factor ranging from 3.0 to 8.1. Ammonia oxidation potential on a per cell basis was affected by seasonal changes and was seen to decrease as oxygen was removed from the sediments. Pure-culture isolations from a positive MPN tube inoculated with oxygenated sediment and representing a single point in a seasonal cycle produced ammonia-oxidizing strains belonging to the genus Nitrosospira. These strains did not react with known ammonia-oxidizer serotypes and, therefore, extend the serological diversity of this group of bacteria. An immunofluorescence analysis of MPN tubes from sediment collected during a period of lake stratification revealed progressive changes in the diversity of the ammonia-oxidizer population. The genera Nitrosomonas, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosospira, including the novel serotype of Nitrosospira isolated from the sediment a year earlier, were found to coexist in well-oxygenated sediment. This diversity was seen to disappear, with Nistrosomonas surviving, as anaerobic conditions persisted. Key words: ammonia oxidizers, lake sediments, nitrifiers, nitrification.

Nitrification in sequencing biofilm batch reactors: lessons from molecular approaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daims ◽  
U. Purkhold ◽  
L. Bjerrum ◽  
E. Arnold ◽  
P. A. Wilderer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

The nitrifying microbial diversity and population structure of a sequencing biofilm batch reactor receiving sewage with high ammonia and salt concentrations (SBBR 1) was analyzed by the full-cycle rRNA approach. The diversity of ammonia-oxidizers in this reactor was additionally investigated using comparative sequence analysis of a gene fragment of the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA), which represents a key enzyme of all ammonia-oxidizers. Despite the “extreme” conditions in the reactor, a surprisingly high diversity of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers was observed to occur within the biofilm. In addition, molecular evidence for the existence of novel ammonia-oxidizers is presented. Quantification of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers in the biofilm by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) and digital image analysis revealed that ammonia-oxidizers occurred in higher cell numbers and occupied a considerably larger share of the total biovolume than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. In addition, ammonia oxidation rates per cell were calculated for different WWTPs following the quantification of ammonia-oxidizers by competitive PCR of an amoA gene fragment. The morphology of nitrite-oxidizing, unculturable Nitrospira-like bacteria was studied using FISH, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and three-dimensional visualization. Thereby, a complex network of microchannels and cavities was detected within microcolonies of Nitrospira-like bacteria. Microautoradiography combined with FISH was applied to investigate the ability of these organisms to use CO2 as carbon source and to take up other organic substrates under varying conditions. Implications of the obtained results for fundamental understanding of the microbial ecology of nitrifiers as well as for future improvement of nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are discussed.

Examination of an acid forest soil for ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Hankinson ◽  
E. L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Acid Forest Soil ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

An acid forest soil (pH 3.9 – 4.4) from an undisturbed mixed oak stand in southern Indiana was examined for the occurrence of ammonia- and nitrite- oxidizing chemoautotrophs. Populations of both nitrifiers were detected in pH 7 most-probable-number (MPN) autotrophic media, and a Nitrosospira was isolated from highest dilution ammonia oxidizer MPN tubes. Populations of nitrite oxidizers were 10 to 1000 times higher than those of ammonia oxidizers. In pH 4.0 MPN media, ammonia oxidation was slight and unsustainable on 10% transfer to fresh medium, whereas nitrite oxidation was vigorous and sustainable. In pure culture the Nitrosospira isolate (Np IO1a) was completely inhibited by nitrapyrin at 5 μg mL−1, tolerant of 1.0 and 10.0 mM chlorate, and capable of growth only at pH 6.2 and above. Fluorescent antibodies raised against Np IO1a were used to confirm the predominance of Np IO1a in all MPN series examined. These results suggest that autotrophic ammonia oxidizers may be restricted to circumneutral microsites in this acid soil, whereas autotrophic nitrite oxidizers may not be limited to such sites.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacterial Community Members on the Proteome of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosomonas sp. Strain Is79

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (15) ◽  
pp. 4776-4788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sedlacek ◽  
Susanne Nielsen ◽  
Kenneth D. Greis ◽  
Wendy D. Haffey ◽  
Niels Peter Revsbech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacterium ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

ABSTRACTMicroorganisms in the environment do not exist as the often-studied pure cultures but as members of complex microbial communities. Characterizing the interactions within microbial communities is essential to understand their function in both natural and engineered environments. In this study, we investigated how the presence of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria affect the growth and proteome of the chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB)Nitrosomonassp. strain Is79. We investigatedNitrosomonassp. Is79 in co-culture withNitrobacter winogradskyi, in co-cultures with selected heterotrophic bacteria, and as a member of the nitrifying enrichment culture G5-7. In batch culture,N. winogradskyiand heterotrophic bacteria had positive effects on the growth ofNitrosomonassp. Is79. An isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach was used to investigate the effect ofN. winogradskyiand the co-cultured heterotrophic bacteria from G5-7 on the proteome ofNitrosomonassp. Is79. In co-culture withN. winogradskyi, severalNitrosomonassp. Is79 oxidative stress response proteins changed in abundance, with periplasmic proteins increasing and cytoplasmic proteins decreasing in abundance. In the presence of heterotrophic bacteria, the abundance of proteins directly related to the ammonia oxidation pathway increased, while the abundance of proteins related to amino acid synthesis and metabolism decreased. In summary, the proteome ofNitrosomonassp. Is79 was differentially influenced by the presence of eitherN. winogradskyior heterotrophic bacteria. Together,N. winogradskyiand heterotrophic bacteria reduced the oxidative stress forNitrosomonassp. Is79, which resulted in more efficient metabolism.IMPORTANCEAerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, converting ammonia to nitrite. In their natural environment, they coexist and interact with nitrite oxidizers, which convert nitrite to nitrate, and with heterotrophic microorganisms. The presence of nitrite oxidizers and heterotrophic bacteria has a positive influence on the growth of the ammonia oxidizers. Here, we present a study investigating the effect of nitrite oxidizers and heterotrophic bacteria on the proteome of a selected ammonia oxidizer in a defined culture to elucidate how these two groups improve the performance of the ammonia oxidizer. The results show that the presence of a nitrite oxidizer and heterotrophic bacteria reduced the stress for the ammonia oxidizer and resulted in more efficient energy generation. This study contributes to our understanding of microbe-microbe interactions, in particular between ammonia oxidizers and their neighboring microbial community.

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