Diversity and distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria in human faeces from healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background GB004 is a small-molecule prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilises hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α), key transcription factors involved in the protective cellular responses at the intersection of hypoxia and inflammation. GB004 was selected based on its gut-targeted profile to limit systemic on-target effects associated with HIF-1α stabilisation. GB004 is in clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and was shown to be safe in a single ascending dose study. The study described here evaluates the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of multiple daily doses of GB004 in plasma and colon biopsies. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose, Phase 1a study conducted in healthy subjects at a single site in Canada. Three dose levels of GB004 or placebo formulated as a solution were administered orally once a day for 8 days; safety and PK were evaluated. Colon biopsies were obtained one day prior to the first dose and on Day 8. Colonic tissue concentrations of GB004 and HIF pathway target genes were determined. Results Forty-two subjects (20 male and 22 female) were dosed. No serious adverse events or deaths were recorded. The most commonly observed adverse event in GB004-treated subjects was dizziness (31%,10/32); all events were mild and did not result in study drug discontinuation. There were no identified risks of GB004. Following oral dosing, GB004 was rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the systemic circulation, with a median time to maximum concentration of 0.5 h for all dose levels. Concentrations of GB004 measured in colon biopsies were greater than in plasma at the time of the biopsy. Dose-related HIF pathway target gene engagement and PD were confirmed. Conclusion This study demonstrated that multiple daily doses of GB004 solution were safe and tolerable. The PK profile was consistent with its intended preferential exposure in the gut. A clinical study of GB004 is ongoing in patients with ulcerative colitis to explore safety, tolerability, PK and PD both systemically and within colonic tissue (NCT03860896). A tablet formulation is also being developed.

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The Possible Role of the Novel Cytokines IL-35 and IL-37 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2014/136329 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Yanmei Li ◽

Yanan Wang ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Yatian Wang ◽

Xiuli Zuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Expression Studies ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Interleukin- (IL-) 35 and IL-37 are newly discovered immune-suppressing cytokines. They have been described in inflammatory diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis and asthma. However, their expressions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have not been yet explored. Our aim was to evaluate serum and inflamed mucosal levels in IBD patients. In 20 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 7 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, and 15 healthy subjects, cytokine levels in serum were determined using ELISA and mucosal expression studies were performed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot. The results showed that serums IL-35 and IL-37 levels were significantly decreased in UC and CD patients compared with healthy subjects. The cytokines levels correlated inversely with UC activity. IL-35 was expressed in infiltrating immune cells while IL-37 in intestinal epithelial cells as well as inflammatory cells. IBD patients had significantly higherEbi3,p35(two subunits of IL-35), andIL-37bgene expressions; IL-35 and IL-37 protein expressions were higher in IBD patients compared with controls. The study showed that serums IL-35 and IL-37 might be potentially novel biomarkers for IBD. Intestinal IL-35 and IL-37 proteins are upregulated, suggesting that regulating the expression of the two cytokines may provide a new possible target for the treatment of IBD.

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P066 GB004, A NOVEL GUT-TARGETED PROLYL HYDROXYLASE INHIBITOR FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: FIRST-IN-HUMAN, MUTLIPLE-DOSE STUDY IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITH GUT BIOPSIES

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (3) ◽

pp. S15-S16

Author(s):

Barrett Levesque ◽

Kristen Taylor Meadows ◽

Akshay Buch ◽

Michael Flynn ◽

Kevin Peters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽

Dose Study ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor

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High Prevalence of Ultrasound Verified Enthesitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease With or Without Spondylarthritis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.637459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Rusmir Husic ◽

Angelika Lackner ◽

Patrizia Katharina Kump ◽

Christoph Högenauer ◽

Winfried Graninger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with spondylarthritis (SpA) and enthesitis, as an important feature of SpA, is a common extraintestinal manifestation of IBD. Enthesitis may be clinically silent in a high proportion of patients with IBD without clinical signs or a diagnosis of SpA.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ultrasound (US) verified enthesitis in IBD patients with and without SpA, with patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy subjects (HC) serving as controls.Methods: IBD patients with or without SpA, patients with IBS and HC were prospectively recruited and clinically assessed. Ultrasound examination was performed at 14 entheses. The ultrasound abnormalities were scored according to the Madrid Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Index (MASEI).Results: We included 33 IBD patients without SpA, 14 IBD patients with SpA, 26 IBS patients and 18 HC. Higher MASEI scores were found in patients with IBD without SpA [median 21.0 range (8.0–53.0)] and IBD associated SpA [33.0 (8–50)] than in IBS patients [10.5 (0–42.0)-p < 0.001 for both comparison] and HC [12.0 (2.0–38.0)-p < 0.01]. PD, enthesophytes and erosions were more common in patients with IBD with or without SpA as compared to IBS patients and HC. IBD patients with SpA compared to IBD without SpA demonstrated significant higher prevalence of erosion and structural irregularity and consequently significant higher MASEI (p < 0.05 for all comparison).Conclusions: Ultrasound verified enthesitis is more common in patients with IBD with or without SpA as compared to patients with IBS or HC.

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P459 Expression of SerpinE1, a potential new disease activity marker, reflects therapeutic response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S453-S453

Author(s):

B Jójrt ◽

T Molnár ◽

V Szabó ◽

Á Varga ◽

T Resál ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Active Disease ◽

Control Samples

Abstract Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) occurs as a consequence of abnormal immune response generating unbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling. Analysis of cytokine profiles in view of different cytokine targeting or immunosuppressive therapy may open up new therapeutic targets and may reveal biological profiles that distinguish responders from non-responders before initiating therapy. The aim of present study was to determine cytokine profile of IBD patients and identify cytokines with predictive potential. Methods IBD patients with clinically active disease were enrolled in study. Blood and biopsy samples were obtained from 22 IBD patients and 5 healthy controls. Biopsies were taken from inflamed and non-inflamed part of colon of IBD patients. Total protein and mRNA were isolated from biopsy samples. Cytokine Array was used to analyse cytokine expression patterns. Serum and mucosal SerpinE1 levels were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Results In samples from IBD patients, remarkable discrimination between inflamed, or non-inflamed areas was observed, whereas no pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in control samples. SerpinE1 was presented in every inflamed biopsy samples, which was analyzed in more details. Mucosal expression of SerpinE1 differed significantly in healthy subjects compared to IBD patients with active disease (0 vs 24.06 pg/mg, p=0.02). After therapy induction a remarkable decrease was observed in the mucosal SerpinE1 concentration in responders (45.5 vs 9.7 pg/mg, p=0.02) versus non-responders (45 vs 61.2 pg/mg, p=0.3). Moreover, mean value of mucosal SerpinE1 did not differ significantly in healthy subjects compared to responders (5.7 vs. 0 pg/mg, p=0.12). In non-responders the fold changes of SerpinE1 gene expressions were significantly (p=0.001) higher than in responders. Lowest expression of SerpinE1 gene was measured in control samples, whereas the highest in untreated, inflamed biopsy samples. Serum and mucosal SerpinE1 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with active disease compared to inactive (tissue: 5 vs 47.4 pg/mg, p=0.00003; serum: 22.4 vs 25.94 mg/ml, p=0.022). Correlation analysis revealed that serum SerpinE1 correlates with disease activity (p<0,01, cut-off value: 22 mg/ml, sensitivity=80%, specificity=60%, accuracy=74%), whereas no correlation was observed between the mucosal SerpineE1 concentration and the disease activity (p>0.1, sensitivity=72%, specificity=77.8%, accuracy=73.5%). Conclusion These results suggest that serum and mucosal SeprinE1 expression reflects endoscopic activity of IBD. Correlation of SerpinE1expression between the blood and the bowel mucosa would open up new possibilities in non-invasive disease monitoring of IBD.

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Su1291 A Selective Breath Metabolome Signature Accurately Differentiates Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients From Healthy Subjects

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(14)61537-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 146 (5) ◽

pp. S-427-S-428

Author(s):

Satya V. Kurada ◽

David Grove ◽

Frank Cikach ◽

Nishaben Patel ◽

Naim Alkhouri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Assessment of DNA damage profile and oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers level in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Polish Journal of Surgery ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.1548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Małgorzata Mrowicka ◽

Jerzy Mrowicki ◽

Michał Mik ◽

Łukasz Dziki ◽

Adam Dziki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Repair Genes

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative DNA damage, pro- antioxidant status in Polish patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Method: Oxidative DNA damage were measured by comet assay techniques; nitric oxide (NO) and plasmatic lipid peroxidation (MDA) as oxidative stress were valuated by colometric methods; superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) as antioxidative defence were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results: The level of oxidative DNA damage in IBD patients was significantly higher in relation to controls (P = 0.01). Alike, in control subject as well as in patients with IBD, lymphocytes are characterized by complete repair of DNA damage. A significant decrease of SOD (P = 0.031), CAT (P = 0.006), GPx1 (P = 0.001) activity was seen in IBD patients vs control. MDA (P = 0.001) and NO (P = 0.001) concentrations were significantly increased in IBD patients than in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Our results may be due to induction of DNA repair genes may occur at the stage of the pathological changes pathway (IBD), that may be caused by excessive oxidative stress. However, the reasons for these relationship, and whether it is direct or indirect, remains to be explored.

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