Guillain-Barré syndrome: diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, clinical course and prognosis

Idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (IHSP), a rare diffuse inflammatory thickening of the dura mater, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are known entities but they have never been reported as concomitant diagnoses. To their knowledge, the authors present the first reported case in the international literature with supportive evidence for both IHSP (based on MRI, intraoperative, and histological findings) and GBS (based on history, clinical examination, and electrophysiological findings). They review the literature on IHSP and the diagnostic criteria for GBS, with the view of identifying a possible causative connection.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child: a clinical case

Almanac of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 285-289

Author(s):

A. Yu. Ryabchenko ◽

E. V. Grankin

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Complete Regression ◽

Gradual Improvement ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an orphan autoimmune disease associated with the involvement of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical course of the syndrome has four main types. We present a clinical case of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a 6-year old child. Against the background of a previous infection, he developed oculomotor dysfunction, peripheral tetraparesis, sensory abnormalities with subsequent severe weakness of the respiratory muscles. The differential diagnosis included inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic spinal cord disorders, spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's electromyographic data confirmed peripheral nerve damage. Based on all of these, the patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Specific treatment, including plasmapheresis and intravenous human immunoglobulin G at a dose of 0.4 mg daily for 5 days, and symptomatic treatment resulted in gradual improvement and complete regression of the neurological symptoms completely resolved. Since Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disease of the peripheral nervous system, the awareness of the specifics of its clinical course allows for earlier correct diagnosis and effective treatment.

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A Systematic Review on Immunotherapy for Guillain- Barre Syndrome

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v40i1.57060 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Abu Nayeem ◽

Quazi Deen Mohammad ◽

Zobaida Sultana Susan

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Outcome Study ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Disease Modifying Therapies ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immunemediated polyradiculoneuropathy with a highly variable clinical course and outcome. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PE) are proven effective treatments, but about half of the patients may not respond to these therapies; moreover, these are not established yet to treat patients of every stage of GBS or its variants. Results from the International Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outcome Study suggest that geographical variations exist in Guillain-Barré syndrome, including insufficient access to immunotherapy in low-income countries. There is a need to provide improved access to treatment for all patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and to develop effective disease-modifying therapies that can limit the extent of nerve injury. In this review, the current literature about immunotherapeutic options is highlighted in the context of stages of the disease and its variants and additionally, upcoming modalities are discussed briefly. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 57-64

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