scholarly journals Phytochemical variation within a single plant species influences foraging behavior of deer

Oikos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Kimball ◽  
John H. Russell ◽  
Peter K. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Variation

scholarly journals Tobacco Root Endophytic Arthrobacter Harbors Genomic Features Enabling the Catabolism of Host-Specific Plant Specialized Metabolites

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Shimasaki ◽  
Sachiko Masuda ◽  
Ruben Garrido-Oter ◽  
Takashi Kawasaki ◽  
Yuichi Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Crucial Effect

Host secondary metabolites have a crucial effect on the taxonomic composition of its associated microbiota. It is estimated that a single plant species produces hundreds of secondary metabolites; however, whether different classes of metabolites have distinctive or common roles in the microbiota assembly remains unclear.

scholarly journals Sheep in Species-Rich Temperate Grassland: Combining Behavioral Observations with Vegetation Characterization

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Stephen J.G. Hall ◽  
Robert G.H. Bunce ◽  
David R. Arney ◽  
Elis Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Species List ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Grazing Livestock ◽  
Precise Area

Foraging behavior of livestock in species-rich, less intensively managed grassland communities will require different methodologies from those appropriate in floristically simple environments. In this pilot study on sheep in species-rich grassland in northern Estonia, foraging behavior and the plant species of the immediate area grazed by the sheep were registered by continually-recording Go-Pro cameras. From three days of observation of five sheep (706 animal-minutes), foraging behavior was documented. Five hundred and thirty-six still images were sampled, and a plant species list was compiled for each. Each plant species was assigned a score indicating its location, in the ecophysiological sense, on the main environmental gradient. The scores of the plant species present were averaged for each image. Thus, the fine structure of foraging behavior could be studied in parallel with the vegetation of the precise area being grazed. As expected, there was considerable individual variation, and we characterized foraging behavior by quantifying the patterns of interspersion of grazing and non-grazing behaviors. This combination of behavior recording and vegetation classification could enable a numerical analysis of the responses of grazing livestock to vegetation conditions.

scholarly journals Ethno-Medicinal Plants Used by Bantar of Bhaudaha, Morang, Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Acharya (Siwakoti) ◽  
B. Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicines

Bantar, one of the dominant ethnic groups of Morang district is ethno botanically very rich. 98 species of plants belonging to 89 genera and 45 families used by Bantar as traditional medicines for human and domestic animals have been documented here. Ethno medication in most instances involves mantras alongside herbal application. Most diseases are treated by the use of more than one plant species while a single plant species is found to be used in curing more than one disease. Key words: Bantar, Ethno-medicinal plants, Morangdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.508Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp96-103

Seasonal Variation of Abundance and Foraging of Three Species of Australian Honeyeaters.

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Collins ◽  
P Briffa
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Single Plant

At Wongamine Reserve, Western Australia, in 1977-81, honeyeaters (Lichmera indistincta, Phylidonyris nigra and Melithreptus brevirostris) were observed. The birds made movements that were related to the abundance of flowers and associated nectar. No species relied on a single plant species for nectar in any season. The birds ate also arthropods picked from bark and leaves. They did not take coleopherans.

Frugivorous weevils are too rare to cause Janzen–Connell effects in New Guinea lowland rain forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ctvrtecka ◽  
Katerina Sam ◽  
Erik Brus ◽  
George D. Weiblen ◽  
Vojtech Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Specialist Species

Abstract:A community of frugivorous weevils was studied by quantitative rearing of 57 weevil species represented by 10485 individuals from 326 woody plant species in lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea. Only fruits from 35% of plant species were attacked by weevils. On average, weevils were reared from only 1 in 33 fruits and 1 kg of fruit was attacked by 2.51 individuals. Weevil host specificity was relatively high: 42% of weevil species fed on a single plant genus, 19% on a single plant family and only 16% were reared from more than one family. However, monophagous specialists represented only 23% of all reared individuals. The average 1 kg of fruits was infested by 1.84 individuals of generalist weevils (feeding on allogeneric or allofamilial host species), 0.52 individual of specialists (feeding on a single or several congeneric species), and 0.15 individual of unknown host specificity. Large-seeded fruits with thin mesocarp tended to host specialist species whereas those with thick, fleshy mesocarp were often infested with both specialists and generalists. Weevils tended to avoid small-seeded, fleshy fruits. The low incidence of seed damage (3% of seeds) suggests that weevils are unlikely to play a major role in regulating plant populations via density-dependent mortality processes outlined by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis.

scholarly journals Many species, including locally rare species, are important for function of mutualist networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Simpson ◽  
Lucia Weinman ◽  
Mark Genung ◽  
Michael Roswell ◽  
Molly MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Many ecosystem functions result from mutualisms, yet mutualism-based functions have rarely been studied at the scale of whole mutualist networks. Thus, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to provide function to an entire network of partner species. Here we use 23 plant-pollinator networks to ask how the number of functionally important pollinator species depends on the number of plant species studied. We found that, because of complementarity among pollinators in the plants they pollinate, 3-13 times as many pollinator species were needed to pollinate an entire network as compared with a single plant species. Furthermore, many pollinator species that were rare within the network as a whole, and therefore not important pollinators on average, were important to the pollination of particular plant species. By not measuring function across entire mutualist networks, ecologists have likely underestimated the importance of biodiversity, and particularly of rare species, for ecosystem function.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Practices in Kilikhar, Mongar

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Chetri ◽  
Phuntsho Wangdi ◽  
Tshering Penjor
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Single Plant

This study records medicinal plants used in different treatment by the local healer at Kilikhar Chiwog of Mongar Dzongkhag, Bhutan. A total of 61 different medicinal plants were recorded from 52 species identified belonging to 37 different families. Preference ranking of plant species helped to validate the efficacy of the plants used for treating diseases. It is also observed that a single plant species is used to treat single to multiple diseases.

scholarly journals Umbellifers as potential keystone species in restoration projects

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zych ◽  
Paweł Niemczyk ◽  
Radosław Niemirski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
The Family ◽  
Heracleum Sphondylium ◽  
Diverse Groups

We studied visitation rates to four common European umbellifers: <i>Angelica sylvestris</i>, <i>Anthriscus sylvestris</i>, <i>Daucus carota</i>, and <i>Heracleum sphondylium</i>. Our observations and literature data confi rm that a single plant species from the family Apiaceae may be visited by over a hundred insect taxa from taxonomically diverse groups. Here we suggest that in the light of pollination shortage faced by many endangered plant species, co-planting of relevant native Apiaceae plants, especially in Europe, should be taken into consideration in many restoration projects to provide, via umbelliferean magnet species, appropriate pollination service for focus plant taxa.

scholarly journals Observations on the foraging behavior of Tricoloured Munia Lonchura malacca (Linnaeus, 1766) and its interaction with pearl millet fields in Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 20201-20208
Author(s):  
M. Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Ploceus Philippinus ◽  
Bird Repellent

Study of foraging behaviour of Tricoloured Munia Lonchura malacca and its interaction in pearl millet crop fields was conducted in six villages of Tindivanam taluk, Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu from April to June 2020. A total of six flocks containing 1,640 birds of Tricoloured Munia were enumerated. The number of birds per flock varied from 60 to 800. They never split into small flocks and maintained the same flock size throughout the day. Tricoloured Munias used nine plant species for roosting. Twelve quadrats (0.3 ha) each of 5 m x 5 m size were laid in the pearl millet fields covering six villages. A total of 10,295 spikes were counted in these plots, and of these 3,785 spikes (36.7%) were found damaged by foraging munias. The maximum damage of 99.6% was observed in Thenputhur village. Along with Tricoloured Munia, five other granivorous birds, such as Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus, Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica, Common Babbler Turdoides caudata, Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri, and White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata were also found foraging without any inter-specific competition. Farmers adopted various traditional bird repellent techniques such as beating utensils, throwing pebbles/soil on the crop, placing scarecrows, tying multi-coloured ribbons, and hanging bottles to chase the birds away.

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