scholarly journals The effects of number of Y chromosomes on mating behaviour and bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster

Hereditas ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEN-ERIC åSLUND ◽  
PAUL HOLMGREN ◽  
BERTIL RASMUSON
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Bristle Number

scholarly journals Reciprocal recombination and the evolution of the ribosomal gene family of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Williams ◽  
J A Kennison ◽  
L G Robbins ◽  
C Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Reciprocal Recombination ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Length Polymorphisms

Abstract The role of reciprocal recombination in the coevolution of the ribosomal RNA gene family on the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster was assessed by determining the frequency and nature of such exchange. In order to detect exchange events within the ribosomal RNA gene family, both flanking markers and restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the tandemly repeated gene family were used. The vast majority of crossovers between flanking markers were within the ribosomal RNA gene region, indicating that this region is a hotspot for heterochromatic recombination. The frequency of crossovers within the ribosomal RNA gene region was approximately 10(-4) in both X/X and X/Y individuals. In conjunction with published X chromosome-specific and Y chromosome-specific sequences and restriction patterns, the data indicate that reciprocal recombination alone cannot be responsible for the observed variation in natural populations.

scholarly journals Hybrid dysgenesis-induced quantitative variation on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
C Q Lai ◽  
T F Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Seven Generations ◽  
Polygenic Variation

Abstract To determine the ability of the P-M hybrid dysgenesis system of Drosophila melanogaster to generate mutations affecting quantitative traits, X chromosome lines were constructed in which replicates of isogenic M and P strain X chromosomes were exposed to a dysgenic cross, a nondysgenic cross, or a control cross, and recovered in common autosomal backgrounds. Mutational heritabilities of abdominal and sternopleural bristle score were in general exceptionally high-of the same magnitude as heritabilities of these traits in natural populations. P strain chromosomes were eight times more mutable than M strain chromosomes, and dysgenic crosses three times more effective than nondysgenic crosses in inducing polygenic variation. However, mutational heritabilities of the bristle traits were appreciable for P strain chromosomes passed through one nondysgenic cross, and for M strain chromosomes backcrossed for seven generations to inbred P strain females, a result consistent with previous observations on mutations affecting quantitative traits arising from nondysgenic crosses. The new variation resulting from one generation of mutagenesis was caused by a few lines with large effects on bristle score, and all mutations reduced bristle number.

Multigene Family of Ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals Contrasting Patterns of Homogenization for IGS and ITS Spacer Regions: A Possible Mechanism to Resolve This Paradox

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Polanco ◽  
Ana I González ◽  
Álvaro de la Fuente ◽  
Gabriel A Dover
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Concerted Evolution ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Mutation Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Exchanges

Abstract The multigene family of rDNA in Drosophila reveals high levels of within-species homogeneity and between-species diversity. This pattern of mutation distribution is known as concerted evolution and is considered to be due to a variety of genomic mechanisms of turnover (e.g., unequal crossing over and gene conversion) that underpin the process of molecular drive. The dynamics of spread of mutant repeats through a gene family, and ultimately through a sexual population, depends on the differences in rates of turnover within and between chromosomes. Our extensive molecular analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) spacer regions within repetitive rDNA units, drawn from the same individuals in 10 natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected along a latitudinal cline on the east coast of Australia, indicates a relatively fast rate of X-Y and X-X interchromosomal exchanges of IGS length variants in agreement with a multilineage model of homogenization. In contrast, an X chromosome-restricted 24-bp deletion in the ITS spacers is indicative of the absence of X-Y chromosome exchanges for this region that is part of the same repetitive rDNA units. Hence, a single lineage model of homogenization, coupled to drift and/or selection, seems to be responsible for ITS concerted evolution. A single-stranded exchange mechanism is proposed to resolve this paradox, based on the role of the IGS region in meiotic pairing between X and Y chromosomes in D. melanogaster.

Differential elimination of rDNA genes in bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031
Author(s):  
R Terracol ◽  
N Prud'homme
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Genes Encoding

In Drosophila melanogaster, the multiply repeated genes encoding 18S and 28S rRNA are located on the X and Y chromosomes. A large percentage of these repeats are interrupted in the 28S region by insertions of two types. We compared the restriction patterns from a subcloned wild-type Oregon R strain to those of spontaneous and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced bobbed mutants. Bobbed mutations were found to be deficiencies that modified the organization of the rDNA locus. Genes without insertions were deleted about twice as often as genes with type I insertions. Type II insertion genes were not decreased in number, except in the mutant having the most bobbed phenotype. Reversion to wild type was associated with an increase in gene copy number, affecting exclusively genes without insertions. One hypothesis which explains these results is the partial clustering of genes by type. The initial deletion could then be due either to an unequal crossover or to loss of material without exchange. Some of our findings indicated that deletion may be associated with an amplification phenomenon, the magnitude of which would be dependent on the amount of clustering of specific gene types at the locus.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of sternopleural bristle number in temperate and tropical populations of Drosophila melanogaster

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIGITTE MORETEAU ◽  
PATRICIA GIBERT ◽  
JEAN-MARIE DELPUECH ◽  
GEORGES PETAVY ◽  
JEAN R. DAVID
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Bristle Number

scholarly journals Temporal uniformity of the spontaneous mutational variance of quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AURORA GARCÍA-DORADO ◽  
JESUS FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
CARLOS LÓPEZ-FANJUL
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Mutational Variance ◽  
Interaction Variance

Spontaneous mutations were allowed to accumulate over 209 generations in more than 100 lines, all of them independently derived from a completely homozygous population of Drosophila melanogaster and subsequently maintained under strong inbreeding (equivalent to full-sib mating). Traits scored were: abdominal (AB) and sternopleural (ST) bristle number, wing length (WL) and egg-to-adult viability (V). On two occasions – early (generations 93–122) and late (generations 169–209) – ANOVA estimates of the mutational variance and the mutational line × generation interaction variance were obtained. Mutational heritabilities of morphological traits ranged from 2 × 10−4 to 2 × 10−3 and the mutational coefficient of variation of viability was 0·01. For AB, WL and V, temporal uniformity of the mutational variance was observed. However, a fluctuation of the mutational heritability of ST was detected and could be ascribed to random genotype × environment interaction.

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