Interaction of bean leaf pubescence with rust urediniospore deposition and subsequent infection density

Ureteric fistula into the arterial tree is a well-recognised, but uncommon condition. The involvement of internal iliac artery is rare. We present a rare case of fistulous communication and subsequent infection of an internal iliac artery aneurysm and ureter secondary to insertion of ureteric stent following endovascular exclusion of the aneurysm and its management. Nephrostogram identified the fistula not seen on computerised tomography. This case highlights the awareness of such pathology allowing for prompt recognition of the condition and importance of appropriate imaging.

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Interactions betweenTrypanosoma bruceiandBabesiaspp. andPlasmodiumspp. in mice

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000050952 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 241-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Stephanie M. Millott ◽

F. E. G. Cox

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Time Interval ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽

Subsequent Infection ◽

Activated Oxygen ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Intracellular Parasites

Swiss mice with chronicTrypanosoma bruceiinfections become refractory to subsequent infection withBabesia microtiandB. rodhaini. Infection withB. microti7 days afterT. bruceiresulted in an obvious inhibition of the babesia parasitaemias and this inhibition became more profound as the time interval between the infections increased, until at 17–20 days the parasitaemias were totally abolished. Even after intravenous injection of large numbers of parasites parasitaemias were inhibited. Similar inhibition was obtained in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. Mice with establishedT. bruceiinfections also showed reduced susceptibility toB. rodhaini. In mice similarly infected withT. bruceiand the malaria parasitesPlasmodium chabaudi chabaudiandP. c. adamithe pre-patent periods were noticeably prolonged but the subsequent parasitaemias were unaffected. Infections withP. yoeliiwere unaffected.Trypanosoma bruceiinfections were not affected by the intracellular parasites. Among the mechanisms investigated to explain these findings were changes in red blood cell populations, cross-reacting antigens, the release of toxic factors and the generation of activated oxygen species. None of these could account for the inhibition observed.

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Pheromone killing of multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalisV583 by native commensal strains

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1500553112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (23) ◽

pp. 7273-7278 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Michael S. Gilmore ◽

Marcus Rauch ◽

Matthew M. Ramsey ◽

Paul R. Himes ◽

Sriram Varahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Cross Talk ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Mobile Elements ◽

Competitive Growth ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Subsequent Infection ◽

Native Flora ◽

Resistant Strains

Multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalispossess numerous mobile elements that encode virulence and antibiotic resistance traits as well as new metabolic pathways, often constituting over one-quarter of the genome. It was of interest to determine how this large accretion of mobile elements affects competitive growth in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract consortium. We unexpectedly observed that the prototype clinical isolate strain V583 was actively killed by GI tract flora, whereas commensal enterococci flourished. It was found that killing of V583 resulted from lethal cross-talk between accumulated mobile elements and that this cross-talk was induced by a heptapeptide pheromone produced by nativeE. faecalispresent in the fecal consortium. These results highlight two important aspects of the evolution of multidrug-resistant enterococci: (i) the accretion of mobile elements inE. faecalisV583 renders it incompatible with commensal strains, and (ii) because of this incompatibility, multidrug-resistant strains sharing features found in V583 cannot coexist with commensal strains. The accumulation of mobile elements in hospital isolates of enterococci can include those that are inherently incompatible with native flora, highlighting the importance of maintaining commensal populations as means of preventing colonization and subsequent infection by multidrug-resistant strains.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RECENTLY ISOLATED HUMAN STRAINS AND A PASSAGE STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.58.5.513 ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 513-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

John R. Paul ◽

James D. Trask

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Human Strain ◽

Time Interval ◽

Subsequent Infection ◽

Poliomyelitis Virus ◽

Intracerebral Inoculation ◽

Human Sera ◽

Cross Immunity ◽

Experimental Disease

1. Confirmation of the qualitative differences which exist between so called human and passage strains of poliomyelitis virus has been established by the following observations. (a) The experimental disease induced by two human strains usually failed to protect monkeys against a subsequent infection by a passage strain, and in the few instances in which the reverse experiment could be tried a similar lack of protection was observed. (b) In some human sera the neutralizing power for a human strain differed qualitatively from the neutralizing power for a passage strain. 2. The time interval between the intracerebral inoculation of heterologous strains has been found to be an important factor bearing upon the results of the reinoculation experiments reported. Within the intervals used, the greater the period between the original infection and the reinoculation with a heterologous strain, the less was the degree of cross-immunity observed.

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