AN OVERVIEW OF FDA DATA REQUIREMENTS TO CLEAR DRUGS TO CONTROL DISEASES IN MINOR FOOD ANIMAL SPECIES IN GENERAL AND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TROUT, SALMON AND CATFISH

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
R. H. Kupelian
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Data Requirements

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD): An Automated Pharmacologic Databank for Drug and Chemical Residue Avoidance

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 826-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. EDMOND RIVIERE ◽  
ARTHUR L. CRAIGMILL ◽  
STEPHEN F. SUNDLOF
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Database Access ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Unique Aspect ◽  
Chemical Residue ◽  
Indications For Use ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is a comprehensive computerized databank of regulatory and pharmacologic information useful for mitigation of drug and chemical residue problems in food-producing animals. For drugs, the databank contains information on proprietory products, labelled indications for use, and approved withdrawal and milk discard times. For drugs and chemicals, data are available on physiochemical properties of the chemical or generic drug, on tissue, egg and milk tolerances of these compounds, and on their pharmacokinetic behavior. This latter category is the most unique aspect of FARAD as it involves an extensive statistical analysis of published data, which results in estimates of the rates of depletion of these compounds in target animal species. These data have not been previously available. All data in FARAD are linked to specific sources which are listed in a citation file. Finally, resources produced as a result of USDA Residue Avoidance Program projects are listed in the database. Access to the databank is available at three regional access centers in California (916-752-7507), Illinois (217-333-3611) and Florida (904-392-4085), while the databank is maintained at a data analysis and support center in North Carolina. FARAD presently contains over 7,000 records with information on 250 compounds, and is supported by the USDA-Extension Service's Residue Avoidance Program.

The Ethics of Food Animal Production

2015 ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Paul B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Lay Public

This chapter summarizes two strands of work on the ethics of food animal production. A dietetic tradition emphasizes the questions of whether and under what conditions consumption of animal protein is morally acceptable. For those who do not adopt some form of ethical vegetarianism, this approach has typically favored more traditional approaches to husbandry. A productionist tradition focuses on the potential for ethically motivated change in livestock production methods and policy. Beginning with the Brambell Committee’s five freedoms, this identifies indicators for multiple dimensions of food animal well-being, and recommends changes in existing industrial production systems. The multiple dimensions of welfare differ from one food animal species to another, and opinion is divided between members of the lay public, who tend to favor indicators relating to an animal’s ability to perform behaviors thought typical, normal, or natural, and scientific experts, who tend to favor cognitive affect and veterinary health.

Immunity to Salmonella in domestic (food animal) species

2009 ◽  
pp. 299-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wigley ◽  
Paul Barrow ◽  
Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos ◽  
Duncan Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Domestic Food

scholarly journals Informing Stewardship Measures in Canadian Food Animal Species through Integrated Reporting of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Data—Part I, Methodology Development

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Agnes Agunos ◽  
Sheryl P. Gow ◽  
Anne E. Deckert ◽  
Grace Kuiper ◽  
David F. Léger
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Selection Of

This study explores methodologies for the data integration of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) results within and across three food animal species, surveyed at the farm-level by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). The approach builds upon existing CIPARS methodology and principles from other AMU and AMR surveillance systems. Species level data integration involved: (1) standard CIPARS descriptive and temporal analysis of AMU/AMR, (2) synthesis of results, (3) selection of AMU and AMR outcomes for integration, (4) selection of candidate AMU indicators to enable comparisons of AMU levels between species and simultaneous assessment of AMU and AMR trends, (5) exploration of analytic options for studying associations between AMU and AMR, and (6) interpretation and visualization. The multi-species integration was also completed using the above approach. In addition, summarized reporting of internationally-recognized indicators of AMR (i.e., AMR adjusted for animal biomass) and AMU (mg/population correction unit, mg/kg animal biomass) is explored. It is envisaged that this approach for species and multi-species AMU–AMR data integration will be applied to the annual CIPARS farm-level data and progressively developed over time to inform AMU–AMR integrated surveillance best practices for further enhancement of AMU stewardship actions.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aquatic food animal species or their products: A review

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 536 ◽  
pp. 736460
Author(s):  
Marcos G. Godoy ◽  
Molly J.T. Kibenge ◽  
Frederick S.B. Kibenge
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Aquatic Food

scholarly journals 120 The future of genome editing in food animal species

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Alison L Van Eenennaam
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Food Animal

Abstract Genome editing refers to the use of targeted nucleases to introduce double-stranded breaks in DNA at a specific sequence in the genome. The cell can then repair this break using either the error-prone, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway which often results in a small insertion or deletion. This can inactivate or “knock-out” a gene if the repair introduces a missense or nonsense frameshift mutation in the coding region of the protein encoded by that gene. Alternatively, the break can be repaired via the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway which relies on a nucleic acid template to guide the repair. Depending upon the template, the directed repair can be as simple as a single nucleotide change, or as complicated as an entire transgene integration. Editing offers an opportunity for geneticists to precisely introduce useful genetic alterations into animal breeding programs. Some examples include a knock-out of the CD163 cellular receptor of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) which renders pigs resistant to infection by that virus, and the replacement of the horned allele in dairy cattle with the Celtic (PC) POLLED allele resulting in genetic hornlessness. For editing to be useful, it will need to seamlessly integrate with genetic improvement program design. This will ultimately require introducing edits into multiple elite lines to avoid genetic bottlenecks. This requirement is at odds with the process-based trigger and event-based regulatory approach that has been proposed for gene edited food animals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The 2017 draft FDA regulatory guidance 187 states that “intentional” genomic alterations introduced by genome editing will be regulated as new animal drugs, irrespective of product novelty or risk, necessitating lengthy multigenerational safety evaluations. The high costs associated with new animal drug approval will dramatically curtail the use of genome editing in food animal species.

Author response for "Perceptual rivalry across animal species"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Carter ◽  
Bruno Swinderen ◽  
David Leopold ◽  
Shaun Collin ◽  
Alex Maier
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Perceptual Rivalry
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