Innate Immunity and Host Defense Peptides in Veterinary Medicine

Even though skin and oral mucosae are continuously in contact with commensal and opportunistic microorganisms, they generally remain healthy and uninflamed. Host defense peptides (HDPs) make up the body’s first line of defense against many invading pathogens and are involved in the orchestration of innate immunity and the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the effect of two salivary HDPs, LL-37 and Hst1, on the inflammatory and antimicrobial response by skin and oral mucosa (gingiva) keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The potent antimicrobial chemokine CCL20 was investigated and compared with chemokines CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL27 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1αand IL-6. Keratinocyte-fibroblast cocultures showed a synergistic increase in CCL20 secretion upon Hst1 and LL-37 exposure compared to monocultures. These cocultures also showed increased IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL2 secretion, which was IL-1αdependent. Secretion of the antimicrobial chemokine CCL20 was clearly IL-1αindependent. These results indicate that salivary peptides can stimulate skin as well as gingiva cells to secrete antimicrobial chemokines as part of the hosts’ defense to counteract infection.

Download Full-text

Bacterial Response to Innate Immunity Host‐Defense Peptides: Parameters Involved in Pathogen Resistance and Specificity

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb15-d ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Adi Peleg ◽

Yosef Rosenfeld ◽

Yechiel Shai

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Bacterial Response ◽

Defense Peptides

Download Full-text

The Host Defense Peptide Beta-Defensin 1 Confers Protection against Bordetella pertussis in Newborn Piglets

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.74.4.2338-2352.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 2338-2352 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Shokrollah Elahi ◽

Rachelle M. Buchanan ◽

Sam Attah-Poku ◽

Hugh G. G. Townsend ◽

Lorne A. Babiuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Newborn Piglets ◽

Defense Peptides

ABSTRACT Innate immunity plays an important role in protection against respiratory infections in humans and animals. Host defense peptides such as beta-defensins represent major components of innate immunity. We recently developed a novel porcine model of pertussis, an important respiratory disease of young children and infants worldwide. Here, we investigated the role of porcine beta-defensin 1 (pBD-1), a porcine defensin homologue of human beta-defensin 2, in conferring protection against respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis. In this model, newborn piglets were fully susceptible to infection and developed severe bronchopneumonia. In contrast, piglets older than 4 weeks of age were protected against infection with B. pertussis. Protection was associated with the expression of pBD-1 in the upper respiratory tract. In fact, pBD-1 expression was developmentally regulated, and the absence of pBD-1 was thought to contribute to the increased susceptibility of newborn piglets to infection with B. pertussis. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collected from older animals as well as chemically synthesized pBD-1 displayed strong antimicrobial activity against B. pertussis in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of newborn piglets with only 500 μg pBD-1 at the time of challenge conferred protection against infection with B. pertussis. Interestingly, pBD-1 displayed no bactericidal activity in vitro against Bordetella bronchiseptica, a closely related natural pathogen of pigs. Our results demonstrate that host defense peptides play an important role in protection against pertussis and are essential in modulating innate immune responses against respiratory infections.

Download Full-text

Interaction of the core fragments of the LL-37 host defense peptide with actin

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra13007c ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 9361-9367 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Asaf Sol ◽

Guangshun Wang ◽

Edna Blotnick ◽

Radha Golla ◽

Gilad Bachrach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Effector Molecules ◽

The Core ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Host Defense Peptide ◽

Defense Peptides

Host defense peptides are effector molecules of the innate immunity that possess antimicrobial and health-promoting properties.

Download Full-text

Have Host Defense Peptides Been Acting in Innate Immunity Since the Trilobites of the Cambrian Period 540 Million Years Ago?

Juntendo Medical Journal ◽

10.14789/jmj.62.96 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 96-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ISAO NAGAOKA

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Defense Peptides

Download Full-text

Geographically Distinct Expression Profile of Host Defense Peptides in the Skin of the Chinese Odorous Frog, Odorrana margaretae

Asian Herpetological Research ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1245.2013.00288 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 288-297

Author(s):

LING Guiying ◽

LI Li ◽

GAO Jiuxiang ◽

YU Haining ◽

WANG Yipeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Expression Profile ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Defense Peptides

Download Full-text

Human Host Defense Peptides - Role in Maintaining Human Homeostasis and Pathological Processes

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867323666161213100443 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 654-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Malgorzata Anna Dawgul ◽

Katarzyna E. Greber ◽

Wieslaw Sawicki ◽

Wojciech Kamysz

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Human Host ◽

Defense Peptides

Download Full-text

Mechanistic Fingerprinting Reveals Kinetic Signatures of Resistance to Daptomycin and Host Defense Peptides in Streptococcus mitis-oralis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Michael R. Yeaman ◽

Liana C. Chan ◽

Nagendra N. Mishra ◽

Arnold S. Bayer

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Host Defense ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Mitis ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Strain Pair ◽

Defense Peptides

Streptococcus mitis-oralis (S. mitis-oralis) infections are increasingly prevalent in specific populations, including neutropenic cancer and endocarditis patients. S. mitis-oralis strains have a propensity to evolve rapid, high-level and durable resistance to daptomycin (DAP-R) in vitro and in vivo, although the mechanism(s) involved remain incompletely defined. We examined mechanisms of DAP-R versus cross-resistance to cationic host defense peptides (HDPs), using an isogenic S. mitis-oralis strain-pair: (i) DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) parental 351-WT (DAP MIC = 0.5 µg/mL), and its (ii) DAP-R variant 351-D10 (DAP MIC > 256 µg/mL). DAP binding was quantified by flow cytometry, in-parallel with temporal (1–4 h) killing by either DAP or comparative prototypic cationic HDPs (hNP-1; LL-37). Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine kinetic cell responses associated with resistance or susceptibility to these molecules. While overall DAP binding was similar between strains, a significant subpopulation of 351-D10 cells hyper-accumulated DAP (>2–4-fold vs. 351-WT). Further, both DAP and hNP-1 induced cell membrane (CM) hyper-polarization in 351-WT, corresponding to significantly greater temporal DAP-killing (vs. 351-D10). No strain-specific differences in CM permeabilization, lipid turnover or regulated cell death were observed post-exposure to DAP, hNP-1 or LL-37. Thus, the adaptive energetics of the CM appear coupled to the outcomes of interactions of S. mitis-oralis with DAP and selected HDPs. In contrast, altered CM permeabilization, proposed as a major mechanism of action of both DAP and HDPs, did not differentiate DAP-S vs. DAP-R phenotypes in this S. mitis-oralis strain-pair.

Download Full-text