Saliva-Derived Host Defense Peptides Histatin1 and LL-37 Increase Secretion of Antimicrobial Skin and Oral Mucosa Chemokine CCL20 in an IL-1α-Independent Manner

Even though skin and oral mucosae are continuously in contact with commensal and opportunistic microorganisms, they generally remain healthy and uninflamed. Host defense peptides (HDPs) make up the body’s first line of defense against many invading pathogens and are involved in the orchestration of innate immunity and the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the effect of two salivary HDPs, LL-37 and Hst1, on the inflammatory and antimicrobial response by skin and oral mucosa (gingiva) keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The potent antimicrobial chemokine CCL20 was investigated and compared with chemokines CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL27 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1αand IL-6. Keratinocyte-fibroblast cocultures showed a synergistic increase in CCL20 secretion upon Hst1 and LL-37 exposure compared to monocultures. These cocultures also showed increased IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL2 secretion, which was IL-1αdependent. Secretion of the antimicrobial chemokine CCL20 was clearly IL-1αindependent. These results indicate that salivary peptides can stimulate skin as well as gingiva cells to secrete antimicrobial chemokines as part of the hosts’ defense to counteract infection.

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Endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide) Neutralization by Innate Immunity Host-Defense Peptides

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m504327200 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 281 (3) ◽

pp. 1636-1643 ◽

Cited By ~ 257

Author(s):

Yosef Rosenfeld ◽

Niv Papo ◽

Yechiel Shai

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Defense Peptides

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Innate Immunity and Host Defense Peptides in Veterinary Medicine

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0038.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 247-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

A. Linde ◽

C.R. Ross ◽

E.G. Davis ◽

L. Dib ◽

F. Blecha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Host Defense ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Defense Peptides

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Bacterial Response to Innate Immunity Host‐Defense Peptides: Parameters Involved in Pathogen Resistance and Specificity

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb15-d ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Adi Peleg ◽

Yosef Rosenfeld ◽

Yechiel Shai

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Bacterial Response ◽

Defense Peptides

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Profiles of expression pattern and tissue distribution of host defense peptides genes in different chicken (Gallus gallus) breeds related to body weight

10.1101/2020.08.24.264861 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhengtian Li ◽

Irfan Ahmed ◽

Zhiqiang Xu ◽

Shuai Sun ◽

Tao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Host Defense ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

First Line ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Immune Organs ◽

Defense Peptides

AbstractHost defense peptides (HDPs) are an important first line of defense with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Selection for increased body weight is suggested to be related to reduced immune response. We studied the relationships among body weight, age, and the HDP expression patterns in intestine and immune organs. We used chickens with marked differences of body sizes. The non-selected Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest indexes of immune organs and the lowest concentrations of the plasma immune parameters C3, C4, IgA, and IgY, while the commercial Avian broiler showed the opposite results. The Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest mRNA expressions of HDP genes in small intestine followed by the semi-selected Wuding chickens. Compared with local breeds, broiler chickens showed higher mRNA expression of HDP genes in spleen, thymus, and bursa. Body weight and HDP expression levels were negatively correlated in the intestine and positively in the immune organs. These results indicated that the HDP immune regulatory roles in small intestine acted as first line of defense in innate immunity in local breeds, and as an adaptive immunity in broiler chickens. Selection was associated with the expression profiles of HDP genes in a chicken, age, and organ-specific manner.

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Profiles of expression pattern and tissue distribution of host defense peptides genes in different chicken (Gallus gallus) breeds related to body weight

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0238675 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0238675

Author(s):

Zhengtian Li ◽

Irfan Ahmed ◽

Zhiqiang Xu ◽

Shuai Sun ◽

Tao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Host Defense ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

First Line ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Immune Organs ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Defense Peptides

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an important first line of defense with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Selection for increased body weight is hypothesized to be related to reduced immune response. We studied the relationships among body weight, age, and the HDP expression patterns in intestine and immune organs. We used chickens with marked differences of body sizes. The non-selected Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest indexes of immune organs and the lowest concentrations of the plasma immune parameters C3, C4, IgA, and IgY, while the commercial Avian broiler showed the opposite results. The Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest mRNA expressions of HDP genes in small intestine followed by the semi-selected Wuding chickens. Compared with local breeds, broiler chickens showed higher mRNA expression of HDP genes in spleen, thymus, and bursa. Body weight and HDP expression levels were negatively correlated in the intestine and positively in the immune organs. Our results indicated that the HDP immune regulatory roles in small intestine acted as first line of defense in innate immunity in local breeds, and as an adaptive immunity in broiler chickens. Selection was associated with different expression expressions of HDP genes in breed-, age-, and organ-specific manners.

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The Host Defense Peptide Beta-Defensin 1 Confers Protection against Bordetella pertussis in Newborn Piglets

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.74.4.2338-2352.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 2338-2352 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Shokrollah Elahi ◽

Rachelle M. Buchanan ◽

Sam Attah-Poku ◽

Hugh G. G. Townsend ◽

Lorne A. Babiuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Host Defense ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Newborn Piglets ◽

Defense Peptides

ABSTRACT Innate immunity plays an important role in protection against respiratory infections in humans and animals. Host defense peptides such as beta-defensins represent major components of innate immunity. We recently developed a novel porcine model of pertussis, an important respiratory disease of young children and infants worldwide. Here, we investigated the role of porcine beta-defensin 1 (pBD-1), a porcine defensin homologue of human beta-defensin 2, in conferring protection against respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis. In this model, newborn piglets were fully susceptible to infection and developed severe bronchopneumonia. In contrast, piglets older than 4 weeks of age were protected against infection with B. pertussis. Protection was associated with the expression of pBD-1 in the upper respiratory tract. In fact, pBD-1 expression was developmentally regulated, and the absence of pBD-1 was thought to contribute to the increased susceptibility of newborn piglets to infection with B. pertussis. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collected from older animals as well as chemically synthesized pBD-1 displayed strong antimicrobial activity against B. pertussis in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of newborn piglets with only 500 μg pBD-1 at the time of challenge conferred protection against infection with B. pertussis. Interestingly, pBD-1 displayed no bactericidal activity in vitro against Bordetella bronchiseptica, a closely related natural pathogen of pigs. Our results demonstrate that host defense peptides play an important role in protection against pertussis and are essential in modulating innate immune responses against respiratory infections.

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