Multiple contributions to priming effects for familiar faces: Analyses with backward masking and event-related potentials

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Dörr ◽  
Grit Herzmann ◽  
Werner Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Absence of Face-specific Cortical Activity in the Complete Absence of Awareness: Converging Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-related Potentials

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valia Rodríguez ◽  
Russell Thompson ◽  
Mark Stokes ◽  
Matthew Brett ◽  
Indira Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Frontal Operculum ◽  
Detailed Assessment

In this study, we explored the neural correlates of perceptual awareness during a masked face detection task. To assess awareness more precisely than in previous studies, participants employed a 4-point scale to rate subjective visibility. An event-related fMRI and a high-density ERP study were carried out. Imaging data showed that conscious face detection was linked to activation of fusiform and occipital face areas. Frontal and parietal regions, including the pre-SMA, inferior frontal sulcus, anterior insula/frontal operculum, and intraparietal sulcus, also responded strongly when faces were consciously perceived. In contrast, no brain area showed face-selective activity when participants reported no impression of a face. ERP results showed that conscious face detection was associated with enhanced N170 and also with the presence of a second negativity around 300 msec and a slow positivity around 415 msec. Again, face-related activity was absent when faces were not consciously perceived. We suggest that, under conditions of backward masking, ventral stream and fronto-parietal regions show similar, strong links of face-related activity to conscious perception and stress the importance of a detailed assessment of awareness to examine activity related to unseen stimulus events.

Neuroanatomic localization of priming effects for famous faces with latency-corrected event-related potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 1632 ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Kashyap ◽  
Guang Ouyang ◽  
Werner Sommer ◽  
Changsong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Related Potentials

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Study of Phonological Priming between Bisyllabic Spoken Words

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dumay ◽  
Abdelrhani Benraïss ◽  
Brian Barriol ◽  
Cécile Colin ◽  
Monique Radeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Lexical Processes

Phonological priming between bisyllabic (CV.CVC) spoken items was examined using both behavioral (reaction times, RTs) and electrophysiological (event-related potentials, ERPs) measures. Word and pseudoword targets were preceded by pseudoword primes. Different types of final phonological overlap between prime and target were compared. Critical pairs shared the last syllable, the rime or the coda, while unrelated pairs were used as controls. Participants performed a target shadowing task in Experiment 1 and a delayed lexical decision task in Experiment 2. RTs were measured in the first experiment and ERPs were recorded in the second experiment. The RT experiment was carried out under two presentation conditions. In Condition 1 both primes and targets were presented auditorily, while in Condition 2 the primes were presented visually and the targets auditorily. Priming effects were found in the unimodal condition only. RTs were fastest for syllable overlap, intermediate for rime overlap, and slowest for coda overlap and controls that did not differ from one another. ERPs were recorded under unimodal auditory presentation. ERP results showed that the amplitude of the auditory N400 component was smallest for syllable overlap, intermediate for rime overlap, and largest for coda overlap and controls that did not differ from one another. In both experiments, the priming effects were larger for word than for pseudoword targets. These results are best explained by the combined influences of nonlexical and lexical processes, and a comparison of the reported effects with those found in monosyllables suggests the involvement of rime and syllable representations.

Language context effects on interlingual homograph recognition: evidence from event-related potentials and response times in semantic priming

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R. A. de Bruijn ◽  
Ton Dijkstra ◽  
Dorothee J. Chwilla ◽  
Herbert J. Schriefers
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
On Line

Dutch–English bilinguals performed a generalized lexical decision task on triplets of items, responding with “yes” if all three items were correct Dutch and/or English words, and with “no” if one or more of the items was not a word in either language. Sometimes the second item in a triplet was an interlingual homograph whose English meaning was semantically related to the third item of the triplet (e.g., HOUSE – ANGEL – HEAVEN, where ANGEL means “sting” in Dutch). In such cases, the first item was either an exclusively English (HOUSE) or an exclusively Dutch (ZAAK) word. Semantic priming effects were found in on-line response times. Event-related potentials that were recorded simultaneously showed N400 priming effects thought to reflect semantic integration processes. The response time and N400 priming effects were not affected by the language of the first item in the triplets, providing evidence in support of a strong bottom-up role with respect to bilingual word recognition. The results are interpreted in terms of the Bilingual Interactive Activation model, a language nonselective access model assuming bottom-up priority.

Neural Correlates of Subjective Awareness and Unconscious Processing: An ERP Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1435-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lamy ◽  
Moti Salti ◽  
Yair Bar-Haim
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Unconscious Perception ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Physically Identical ◽  
P3 Component

The aim of the present study was to dissociate the ERP (Event Related Potentials) correlates of subjective awareness from those of unconscious perception. In a backward masking paradigm, participants first produced a forced-choice response to the location of a liminal target presented for an individually calibrated duration, and then reported on their subjective awareness of the target's presence. We recorded (Event-Related Potentials) ERPs and compared the ERP waves when observers reported being aware vs. unaware of the target but localized it correctly, thereby isolating the neural correlates of subjective awareness while controlling for differences in objective performance. In addition, we compared the ERPs when participants were subjectively unaware of the target's presence and localized it correctly versus incorrectly, thereby isolating the neural correlates of unconscious perception. All conditions involved stimuli that were physically identical and were presented for the same duration. Both behavioral measures were associated with modulation of the amplitude of the P3 component of the ERP. Importantly, this modulation was widely spread across all scalp locations for subjective awareness, but was restricted to the parietal electrodes for unconscious perception. These results indicate that liminal stimuli that do not affect performance undergo considerable processing and that subjective awareness is associated with a late wave of activation with widely distributed topography.

Behavioral and Electrophysiologic Evidence of Auditory Processing Disorder: A Twin Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 438-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Linda Thibodeau ◽  
Jeffrey Martin ◽  
Jyutika Mehta ◽  
Gail Tillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Related Potentials

We administered a battery of both behavioral and electrophysiologic measures to a pair of fraternal twin girls, one of whom exhibited symptoms consistent with an auditory processing disorder. Both twins were within normal limits on standardized tests of cognitive and language skills. Basic audiometric measures, as well as behavioral tests of simultaneous masking, backward masking, gap detection, and frequency-sweep discrimination, showed little difference between the twins. Significant differences, however, were evident on event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to both within-channel and across-channel gap detection tasks. Substantial differences were also noted for ERPs to both linguistic and nonlinguistic targets in dichotic listening paradigms. The pattern of electrophysiologic results was consistent with a deficit in the efficiency of interhemispheric transfer of auditory information. A possible reason for the greater effectiveness of electrophysiologic over behavioral measures is discussed.

A Temporal Dissociation of Subliminal versus Supraliminal Fear Perception: An Event-related Potential Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda J. Liddell ◽  
Leanne M. Williams ◽  
Jennifer Rathjen ◽  
Howard Shevrin ◽  
Evian Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Excitatory Component ◽  
Temporal Model

Current theories of emotion suggest that threat-related stimuli are first processed via an automatically engaged neural mechanism, which occurs outside conscious awareness. This mechanism operates in conjunction with a slower and more comprehensive process that allows a detailed evaluation of the potentially harmful stimulus (LeDoux, 1998). We drew on the Halgren and Marinkovic (1995) model to examine these processes using event-related potentials (ERPs) within a backward masking paradigm. Stimuli used were faces with fear and neutral (as baseline control) expressions, presented above (supraliminal) and below (subliminal) the threshold for conscious detection. ERP data revealed a double dissociation for the supraliminal versus subliminal perception of fear. In the subliminal condition, responses to the perception of fear stimuli were enhanced relative to neutral for the N2 “excitatory” component, which is thought to represent orienting and automatic aspects of face processing. By contrast, supraliminal perception of fear was associated with relatively enhanced responses for the late P3 “inhibitory” component, implicated in the integration of emotional processes. These findings provide evidence in support of Halgren and Marinkovic's temporal model of emotion processing, and indicate that the neural mechanisms for appraising signals of threat may be initiated, not only automatically, but also without the need for conscious detection of these signals.

scholarly journals Masked Translation Priming With Concreteness of Cross-Script Cognates in Visual Word Recognition by Chinese Learners of English: An ERP Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifa Chen ◽  
Tingting Fu ◽  
Minghui Zhao ◽  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Yule Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Forward Translation ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Masked Translation Priming ◽  
Chinese Learners Of English

Translation equivalents for cognates in different script systems share the same meaning and phonological similarity but are different orthographically. Event-related potentials were recorded during the visual recognition of cross-script cognates and non-cognates together with concreteness factors while Chinese learners of English performed a lexical decision task with the masked translation priming paradigm in Experiment 1 (forward translation: L1–L2) and Experiment 2 (backward translation: L2–L1). N400 effect was found to be closely related to priming effects of cross-script cognate status and concreteness in Experiment 1; and in Experiment 2, N150 and N400 effects were related to priming effects of cross-script cognate status and concreteness, and greater priming effects of cross-script cognate status in cognates than in non-cognates for abstract words were found in the time window of 100–200 ms. Meanwhile, the asymmetry of translation directions was observed in smaller priming effects in forward translation than in backward translation in the time window of 100–200 ms for abstract cognates, and in larger priming effects in forward translation than in backward translation in the time window of 350–550 ms for each type of words. We discussed the roles of phonological activation and concreteness effects in view of the function of N150 and N400 components as well as the relevant models, mainly the Distributed Feature Model and Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA+) model.

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