The climate space of fire regimes in north-western North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1736-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Whitman ◽  
Enric Batllori ◽  
Marc-André Parisien ◽  
Carol Miller ◽  
Jonathan D. Coop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Climate Space ◽  
North Western

The Galium trifidum group (Galium sect. Aparinoides, Rubiaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1911-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Puff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
New Classification ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

By using morphology, karyology, pollen size, leaf flavonoids, ecological observations, and modification experiments, a new classification of the Galium trifidum group is proposed. Nine taxa in five species are recognized: (1) G. tinctorium, with ssp. tinctorium and sap. floridanum (new comb.) in eastern North America; (2) G. brevipes, a rare species centered in the Great Lakes region; (3) G. trifidum, with ssp. trifidum in northern North America. Asia, and Europe, ssp. columbianum (new comb.) in (north)western North America and (north)eastern Asia, and ssp. subbiflorum (new comb.) and ssp. halophilum (new comb.) in northern North America; (4) G. innocuum in southeastern Asia; (5) G. karakulense in central Asia.New chromosome counts of n = 12 and 2n = 24 are reported for G. tinctorium ssp. tinctorium and ssp. floridanum; and G. trifidum ssp. trifidum, ssp. columbianum, and ssp. subbiflorum.

Colorado tick fever and other arthropod-borne reoviruses

2020 ◽  
pp. 819-821
Author(s):  
Mary J. Warrell ◽  
David A. Warrell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Available P ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Banna Virus ◽  
North Western

Human pathogens are found in six genera of Reoviridae: Reovirus, Rotavirus, Orthoreovirus, and three arthropod-borne genera: Coltivirus (Colorado tick fever, Salmon River virus, and Eyach viruses); Orbivirus (Kemerovo, Changuinola, Orungo, and Lebombo); and Seadornavirus (Banna virus). Colorado tick fever is common in parts of north-western North America; acquired from tick (ixodid) bites, most often by hikers and campers, presenting 3–6 days later with sudden fever, rigors, generalized aches, myalgia, headache and backache, rashes (12%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (20%). Diagnosis is confirmed by detection of viral antigen in erythrocytes or serum, or by serodiagnosis. Management is symptomatic. Illness usually resolves in 10–14 days, but convalescence may be prolonged. Prevention is by avoiding, repelling, and rapidly removing ticks; no vaccines are available.

Lecania fructigena Zahlbr., a coastal saxicolous lichen, new for Europe, with notes on related species

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter P. G. van den BOOM ◽  
A. Maarten BRAND
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
North Western

Lecania fructigena has been found in western Europe. This species, previously known only from western North America and north-western Mexico, is described and compared with related species. It is easily overlooked for L. aipospila. Lecania sampaiana is a synonym of L. aipospila.

Genetic Variability and its Geographical Distribution in the Widely Disjunct Cavernularia Hultenii

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Printzen ◽  
S. Ekman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciations ◽  
Postglacial Expansion ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Fruticose Lichen ◽  
North Western

AbstractThe fruticose lichen Cavernularia hultenii exhibits a strongly disjunct distribution between north-western North America, Newfoundland and north-western Europe. An investigation of its population structure, based on nuclear ITS and IGS DNA sequences, shows that western North America has a higher number of haplotypes than the two other areas. Most of the haplotypes confined to this region are rare and occur outside the area that was affected by Pleistocene glaciations. Three haplotypes are common in all three areas. The high number of haplotypes in western North America might be due to a combination of events during the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs, viz. increased lineage survival by repeated fragmentation of populations and reduced lineage extinction through rapid postglacial expansion and population growth.

scholarly journals Average Stand Age from Forest Inventory Plots Does Not Describe Historical Fire Regimes in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed-Conifer Forests of Western North America

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0147688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens T. Stevens ◽  
Hugh D. Safford ◽  
Malcolm P. North ◽  
Jeremy S. Fried ◽  
Andrew N. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forests

Colorado tick fever and other arthropod-borne reoviruses

2010 ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
M.J. Warrell ◽  
David A. Warrell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Available P ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Banna Virus ◽  
North Western

Human pathogens are found in six genera of Reoviridae: Reovirus, Rotavirus, Orthoreovirus, and three arthropod-borne genera—Coltivirus (Colorado tick fever, Salmon River virus, and Eyach viruses), Orbivirus (Kemerovo, Changuinola, Orungo, and Lebombo) and Seadornavirus (Banna virus). Colorado tick fever—common in parts of north-western North America; acquired from tick (ixodid) bites, most often by hikers and campers, presenting 3 to 6 days later with sudden fever, rigors, generalized aches, myalgia, headache and backache, rashes (12%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (20%). Diagnosis confirmed by detection of viral antigen in erythrocytes or serum, or by serodiagnosis. Management is symptomatic. Illness usually resolves in 10 to 14 days, but convalescence may be prolonged. Prevention is by avoiding, repelling, and rapidly removing ticks; no vaccines are available....

scholarly journals Multiscale perspectives of fire, climate and humans in western North America and the Jemez Mountains, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1696) ◽  
pp. 20150168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Swetnam ◽  
Joshua Farella ◽  
Christopher I. Roos ◽  
Matthew J. Liebmann ◽  
Donald A. Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests ◽  
Jemez Mountains

Interannual climate variations have been important drivers of wildfire occurrence in ponderosa pine forests across western North America for at least 400 years, but at finer scales of mountain ranges and landscapes human land uses sometimes over-rode climate influences. We reconstruct and analyse effects of high human population densities in forests of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico from ca 1300 CE to Present. Prior to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, human land uses reduced the occurrence of widespread fires while simultaneously adding more ignitions resulting in many small-extent fires. During the 18th and 19th centuries, wet/dry oscillations and their effects on fuels dynamics controlled widespread fire occurrence. In the late 19th century, intensive livestock grazing disrupted fuels continuity and fire spread and then active fire suppression maintained the absence of widespread surface fires during most of the 20th century. The abundance and continuity of fuels is the most important controlling variable in fire regimes of these semi-arid forests. Reduction of widespread fires owing to reduction of fuel continuity emerges as a hallmark of extensive human impacts on past forests and fire regimes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.

Soil changes in forest ecosystems: evidence for and probable causes

1990 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 81-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale W. Johnson ◽  
Malcolm S. Cresser ◽  
S. Ingvar Nilsson ◽  
John Turner ◽  
Bernhard Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Soil Changes

SynopsisA review of the literature on forest soil change in North America, Central Europe. Sweden, U.K., and Australia reveals that changes are occurring in both polluted and unpolluted sites at a greater rate than previously suspected. Acid deposition has played a major role in recent acidification in some areas of Europe and, to a more limited extent, in Sweden and eastern North America. However, rapid rates of soil acidification are occurring in western North America and Australia due to internal processes such as tree uptake and nitrification associated with excessive nitrogen fixation. The presence of extremely acid soils is not necessarily an indicator of significant acidic deposition, as evidenced by their presence in unpolluted, even pristine forests of the north-western U.S.A. and Alaska. Numerous studies in Sweden, Australia, and North America show the important effects of tree uptake and harvesting upon soil acidification in managed forests. Furthermore, arguments can be presented that harvesting takes a greater toll upon the pools of potentially limiting cations than leaching.The rate at which soils are changing in some instances calls for a re-evaluation of the budget analyses used to predict soil change. Specifically, inter-horizon changes due to uptake and recycling by vegetation, the interactions of such changes with naturally- and anthropogenically-produced acids, and the effects of aluminium uptake and recycling need further evaluation and study.

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