Connecting Amazonian historical biogeography and local assemblages of understorey birds: Recurrent guild proportionality within areas of endemism

Biogeographical units matter

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb16054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 391 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Augusto Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Classification Scheme ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Historical Biogeography ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Analytical Results ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Area Classification

One of the recurrent themes in historical biogeography relates to the units of analysis, their definition and identification. Although areas of endemism are usually accepted as the standard units of study, other units have been suggested, as well as several methods for identifying them. There is no consensus on which units are best suited for the studies; however, the effect of the units and area schemes on analytical results is acknowledged. Here, I review the literature on biogeographic units, their uses and recommendations, highlighting the relevance of the use of more than one area-classification scheme in empirical studies.

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Historical Biogeography and Patterns of Differentiation within the South American Avifauna: Areas of Endemism

Ornithological Monographs ◽

10.2307/40168278 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 49-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 276

Author(s):

Joel Cracraft

Keyword(s):

Historical Biogeography ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Areas Of Endemism

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Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631210x538799 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 339-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nico Franz ◽

Jennifer Girón

Keyword(s):

Dominican Republic ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Source Area ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Historical Biogeography ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Western Caribbean ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Mona Island

AbstractThe Caribbean weevil genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 is revised, including a redescription of A. argentatus Wolcott, 1924 and A. wolcotti Marshall, 1922 and description of 11 new species: A. adustus, sp.n. (Bahamas), A. andersoni, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. artus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. earinusparsus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. empherefasciatus, sp.n. (Bahamas), A. epipolevatus, sp.n. (Puerto Rico), A. eximius, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. mammuthus, sp.n. (Mona Island, Turks and Caicos Islands), A. quisqueyanus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. stenoculus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic) and A. viridium, sp.n. (Dominican Republic). A key to the species and illustrations of external and internal structures are provided. Apodrosus is characterized as a monophyletic group by two unreversed synapomorphies – i.e., the presence of a median fovea on the apex of abdominal sternum VII and a J- or Y-shaped spermatheca – and is furthermore differentiated from related taxa by a unique combination of diagnostic features including the presence of premucro, a complete tegminal plate in males, the absence of longitudinal sclerites in the genital chamber of females, and an apical projection on the spermathecal cornu. A phylogenetic reconstruction of 20 taxa (7 outgroup, 13 ingroup) and 25 morphological characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L=61 steps, CI=42, RI=74) with the ingroup topology (A. artus, (A. andersoni, (A. earinusparsus, (A. epipolevatus, A. wolcotti)))), (A. eximius, ((A. argentatus, A. mammuthus), (A. viridium, (A. stenoculus, (A. quisqueyanus, (A. adustus, A. empherefasciatus)))))). The phylogeny indicates that Anypotactus bicaudatus Champion (Anypotactini Champion) is the sister group to Apodrosus, thereby calling into question the traditional tribal placement of this genus in the Polydrusini. The host plant associations of most species remain uncertain. A reconstruction of the historical biogeography of Apodrosus suggests that post-GAARlandia (Greater Antillean+Aves Ridges land span) vicariance was an important factor in the diversification of the higher-elevation inhabiting A. artus-A. wolcotti clade. Conversely, the species richness of the lower-elevation inhabiting A. eximius-A. empherefasciatus clade is most plausibly explained through a series of independent and likely more recent colonization events from the ancestral source area of southwestern Hispaniola to several smaller western Caribbean islands, or – in the case of Hispaniola – within-island areas of endemism.

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Biotectonics of Sulawesi: Principles, methodology, and area relationships

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5068 (4) ◽

pp. 451-484

Author(s):

BERNARD MICHAUX ◽

VISOTHEARY UNG

Keyword(s):

Historical Biogeography ◽

Data Partitioning ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Consensus Trees ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

History Of ◽

Tectonic Development ◽

Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽

The Relationship

Biotectonics is an approach to historical biogeography based on the analysis of independently derived biological and tectonic data, which we demonstrate using the island of Sulawesi as an example. We describe the tectonic development of Sulawesi and discuss the relationship between tectonic models and phylogenetic hypotheses. We outline the problem of interpreting areagrams based on single phylogenies and stress the importance of combining all available data into a general areagram. We analysed the distributions of Sulawesi area of endemism endemics (AEEs) using 30 published phylogenies, which were converted into paralogy-free taxon-area cladograms using the programme LisBeth (Zaragüeta-Bagalis et al. 2012) from which Adam’s consensus trees were constructed using PAUP (Swofford 2002). The results of our analyses show that the relationship between the areas of endemism is congruent with the terrane history of the island. A further 79 phylogenies of Sulawesi species with extralimital distributions were analysed to determine area relationships of Sulawesi within the broader Indo-Pacific region. We demonstrate the utility of data partitioning when dealing with areas that are geologically and biologically composite by showing that analysing Asian and Australasian elements of the Sulawesi biota separately produced general areagrams that avoid artifice and are interpretable in the light of current tectonic models.

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Endemism analysis of Neotropical Pentatomidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212010000400018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 449-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Augusto Ferrari ◽

Andressa Paladini ◽

Cristiano Feldens Schwertner ◽

Jocelia Grazia

Keyword(s):

Grid Cell ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Historical Biogeography ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Grid Cells ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Definition Of ◽

Amazonian Region

The definition of areas of endemism is central to studies of historical biogeography, and their interrelationships are fundamental questions. Consistent hypotheses for the evolution of Pentatomidae in the Neotropical region depend on the accuracy of the units employed in the analyses, which in the case of studies of historical biogeography, may be areas of endemism. In this study, the distribution patterns of 222 species, belonging to 14 Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) genera, predominantly neotropical, were studied with the Analysis of Endemicity (NDM) to identify possible areas of endemism and to correlate them to previously delimited areas. The search by areas of endemism was carried out using grid-cell units of 2.5° and 5° latitude-longitude. The analysis based on groupings of grid-cells of 2.5° of latitude-longitude allowed the identification of 51 areas of endemism, the consensus of these areas resulted in four clusters of grid-cells. The second analysis, with grid-cells units of 5° latitude-longitude, resulted in 109 areas of endemism. The flexible consensus employed resulted in 17 areas of endemism. The analyses were sensitive to the identification of areas of endemism in different scales in the Atlantic Forest. The Amazonian region was identified as a single area in the area of consensus, and its southeastern portion shares elements with the Chacoan and Paraná subregions. The distribution data of the taxa studied, with different units of analysis, did not allow the identification of individual areas of endemism for the Cerrado and Caatinga. The areas of endemism identified here should be seen as primary biogeographic hypotheses.

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