scholarly journals 2014 Dietary Salt Fact Sheet of the World Hypertension League, International Society of Hypertension, Pan American Health Organization Technical Advisory Group on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Through Dietary Salt Reduction, the World Health Organizat

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norm R.C. Campbell ◽  
Daniel T. Lackland ◽  
Mark L. Niebylski
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Technical Advisory Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Health Organization

Sodium and potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular prevention

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2431-2444
Author(s):  
Francesco P. Cappuccio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Salt consumption is now much greater than needed for survival. High salt intake increases blood pressure in both animals and humans. Conversely, a reduction in salt intake causes a dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure in men and women of all ages and ethnic groups, and in patients already on medication. The risk of strokes and heart attacks rises with increasing blood pressure, but can be decreased by antihypertensive drugs. However, most cardiovascular disease events occur in individuals with ‘normal’ blood pressure levels. Non-pharmacological prevention is therefore the only option to reduce such events. Reduction in population salt intake reduces the number of vascular events. It is one of the most important public health measures to reduce the global cardiovascular burden. Salt reduction policies are powerful, rapid, equitable, and cost saving. The World Health Organization recommends reducing salt consumption below 5 g per day aiming at a global 30% reduction by 2025. A high potassium intake lowers blood pressure in people with and without hypertension. Its beneficial effects extend beyond blood pressure, and may include a reduction in the risk of stroke (independent of blood pressure changes). Potassium intake in the Western world is relatively low, and a lower potassium intake is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, especially stroke. A moderate increase in potassium intake, either as supplement or with diet, reduces blood pressure, and the World Health Organization has issued global recommendations for a target dietary potassium intake of at least 90 mmol/day (≥3510 mg/day) for adults.

Salt and high blood pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailesh Mohan ◽  
Norm R. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
The World

HBP (high blood pressure) is the leading risk of death in the world. Unfortunately around the world, blood pressure levels are predicted to become even higher, especially in developing countries. High dietary salt is an important contributor to increased blood pressure. The present review evaluates the association between excess dietary salt intake and the importance of a population-based strategy to lower dietary salt, and also highlights some salt-reduction strategies from selected countries. Evidence from diverse sources spanning animal, epidemiology and human intervention studies demonstrate the association between salt intake and HBP. Furthermore, animal studies indicate that short-term interventions in humans may underestimate the health risks associated with high dietary sodium. Recent intervention studies have found decreases in cardiovascular events following reductions in dietary sodium. Salt intake is high in most countries and, therefore, strategies to lower salt intake could be an effective means to reduce the increasing burden of HBP and the associated cardiovascular disease. Effective collaborative partnerships between governments, the food industry, scientific organizations and healthcare organizations are essential to achieve the WHO (World Health Organization)-recommended population-wide decrease in salt consumption to less than 5 g/day. In the milieu of increasing cardiovascular disease worldwide, particularly in resource-constrained low- and middle-income countries, salt reduction is one of the most cost-effective strategies to combat the epidemic of HBP, associated cardiovascular disease and improve population health.

World Health Organization

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-548
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Health Organization

On March 22, 1949 Costa Rica ratified the constitution of the World Health Organization and on April 13 WHO was joined by Honduras, thus bringing the membership of the organization to 61.The agreement by which the Pan American Sanitary Organization became the regional office for WHO in the western hemisphere was signed on May 24, 1949 in Washington by Dr. Brock Chisholm, Director General of WHO and Dr. Fred L. Soper, Director of the Pan American Sanitary Office. Under the agreement the office was to adopt and promote health and sanitary conventions and programs in the western hemisphere provided they were “compatible with the policy and programs of the World Health Organization and are separately financed.”

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction assessment in healthy smokers

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Adriana TICARĂU ◽  
◽  
Dumitru MATEI ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Custom ◽  
Health Organization

Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory neoplasms and diseases, and will kill more than one billion people this century, according to the World Health Organization. Smoking induced endothelial dysfunction triggers a new alarm for this social custom, which in connection with metabolic syndrome, who has reached alarming rates of prevalence in recent years, contributes specifically to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to evaluate more parameters of endothelial dysfunction in smokers patients, indicating a high statistical significance of the influence of smoking on arterial stiffness.

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