Certifying position-momentum entanglement at telecommunication wavelengths

The successful employment of high-dimensional quantum correlations and its integration in telecommunication infrastructures is vital in cutting-edge quantum technologies for increasing robustness and key generation rate. Position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement of photon pairs are a promising resource of such high-dimensional quantum correlations. Here, we experimentally certify EPR correlations of photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal with type-0 phase-matching at telecommunication wavelength for the first time. To experimentally observe EPR entanglement, we perform scanning measurements in the near- and far-field planes of the signal and idler modes. We certify EPR correlations with high statistical significance of up to 45 standard deviations. Furthermore, we determine the entanglement of formation of our source to be greater than one, indicating a dimensionality of greater than 2. Operating at telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm, our source is compatible with today’s deployed telecommunication infrastructure, thus paving the way for integrating sources of high-dimensional entanglement into quantum-communication infrastructures.

Comparative evaluation of radiographic density of different endodontic material

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the densities of four different brands of root canal sealers using three different intraoral imaging receptors. Four different root canal sealers used were – AH Plus (Dentsply Germany, Resin based), Epiphany (Pentron USA, Resin based), U/P (Sultan Healthcare, Zinc oxide eugenol based) and Apexit (Ivoclar / Vivadent, Calcium hydroxide based). The sealers were mixed according to manufacturer instructions and six specimens of each material were fabricated. All the specimens were imaged using three different intraoral #2 sized imaging receptors-D and E speed film and storage phosphor plates. D and E speed films were digitized and stored in JPEG format. All the images were exported into the Image J software (rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/) and the mean grey values and integrated density of each material was calculated from four random areas of each image and averaged. Mixed model ANOVA was performed. Pair wise comparison of mean grey values between the three imaging receptors and integral densities recorded by the receptors showed high statistical significance for all the four different root canal sealers. Results showed that the four different types of root canal sealers showed different optical densities on all the three receptors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the optical densities of four different brands of root canal sealers using three different intraoral imaging receptors.

Essential Skills for Ecuadorian Entrepreneur´s Success

This article presents a study that determines the skills considered essential for entrepreneurs from a theoretical and practical point of view. For the development of this research, two phases were developed, the first was oriented to the analysis of the existing agreement between Ecuadorian entrepreneurs on the skills that, according to the analyzed literature, contribute to the success of a business; and the second to verify the agreement in the results obtained and validate the skills identified. The study involved 10 experts and 400 entrepreneurs, considered successful, to identify what they considered to be essential skills for the success of a venture based on skills recognized in the literature. The results made it possible to consistently identify the essential entrepreneurial skills in the Ecuadorian context with high statistical significance, which leads to suggest that these skills should be enhanced in the training of incipient entrepreneurs already consolidated in the market. Through the research, it was conclusively revealed that the entrepreneurs studied consider that these skills are facilitators of the success of their businesses, so their mastery could contribute to reduce the mortality rate of both new and established businesses.

Assessing Tax Potential of Regions

This article is devoted to the consideration of methods for assessing tax potential of regions, as well as the factors impacting tax potential. The aim of the research is to review approaches designated to determining the essence of the tax potential concept, as well as to study the factors influencing thereupon. In the process of assessing tax potential of the regions in the analysis, we use the data on budget revenues by region for 2008-2020, regional GDP, investments in fixed assets, tax arrears and the number of operating taxpayers. The analysis of the panel revealed that the impact of regional GDP on agriculture and industry on tax revenues was positive, there has been observed high statistical significance and negative impact on the number of small businesses. As a result of the analysis, appropriate conclusions on important aspects of assessing tax potential of the regions have been formulated.

When outliers are different

ABSTRACT When does the presence of an outlier in some measured property indicate that the outlying object differs qualitatively, rather than quantitatively, from other members of its apparent class? Historical astronomical examples include the many types of supernovae and short versus long gamma-ray bursts. A qualitative difference implies that some parameter has a characteristic scale, and hence its distribution cannot be a power law (that can have no such scale). If the distribution is a power law, the objects differ only quantitatively. The applicability of a power law to an empirical distribution may be tested by comparing the most extreme member to its next-most extreme. The probability distribution of their ratio is calculated, and compared to data for stars, radio and X-ray sources, and the fluxes, fluences, and rotation measures of fast radio bursts (FRBs). It is found with high statistical significance that the giant outburst of soft gamma repeater SGR 1806-20 differed qualitatively from its lesser outbursts and FRB 200428 differed qualitatively from other FRBs (by location in the Galaxy), but that in some supernova remnant models of rotation measure FRB 121102 is not, statistically significantly, an outlier.

Standardization of Loop mediated isothermal amplification for detection of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum causing footrot in sheep and goats

The Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) was standardized for rapid detection of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum. A total of 250 foot swabs (200) were screened from sheep and (50) were from goats from different districts of Rayalaseema viz., Chittoor, Nellore, Kadapa, Anantapur. Out of 250 samples 75 (30.0%) and 85 (34.0%) were positive for D. nodosus and F. necrophorum respectively. All the 250 samples were screened individually for both the organisms by LAMP. Among them, 104 (41.6%) were found to be positive for D. nodosus and 120 (48.0%) were positive for F. necrophorum. The efficacy of LAMP in terms of sample DNA detection limit was compared with the PCR by using standard dilutions of DNA extracted from D. nodosus and F. necrophorum cultures. The detection limit was found to be higher than PCR for both the organisms. The sensitivity of LAMP is compared with PCR by targeting 16S rRNA gene of D. nodosus and lktA gene of F. necrophorum. In case of D. nodosus, out of 250 samples, 75 (30.0%) were positive by PCR and 104 (41.6%) were positive by LAMP. Among 250 samples, 85 (34.0%) were positive by PCR and 120 (48.0%) were positive by LAMP in case of F. necrophorum. The LAMP was found to be more sensitive than PCR in detecting the organisms with high statistical significance.

Correlation Between Freight Transport Industry and Economic Growth – Panel Analysis of CEE Countries

The paper tests for statistical association between employment and value added of freight transport industry and its component activities against overall economy in a ten-year panel ranging from 2008 to 2017 of the thirteen newest European Union member countries. In this paper, the nature of correlation between economic growth as the independent variable and freight transport industry as a dependent variable is examined. To achieve stationarity, and to lose autocorrelation and the idiosyncratic effects, the variables are first differenced. The results of the “Granger causality” tests show the null hypothesis of no-causation may be rejected for most conjectures with high F-Statistics as well as high statistical significance. The results of the Panel EGLS cross-section fixed effects do not reject the results gained by the Granger test, and the same may be said for the Panel Generalised Method of Moments First Differences test. The result of the Arellano-Bond test shows no serial correlation in the residuals. It has been concluded that changes in overall economy (value added and employment) have a significant and measurably strong impact on freight transportation and warehousing sector. This conclusion is useful in assessing future impacts on freight transport industry, especially as a consequence of contingent events.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF TOCILIZUMAB IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE COVID-19 IN THE VOLYN REGION OF UKRAINE

Treatment of coronavirus disease COVID-19 is currently unresolved. Whether it is advisable to use Tocilizumab (TM), whether it is effective and safe for patients with Covid-19 - this question remains open to physicians.The aim of the study: To evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of TM on the course and prognosis of severe COVID-19 during treatment with standard treatment according to the National Protocol without antiviral therapy.Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) with severe COVID-19, who were admitted to the infectious department №2 KP «Volyn Regional Clinical Hospital» from September 2020 to December 2020.The statistical analysis included a group of patients who received TM and recovered (n=42), a group of patients who recovered without TM (n=59), and a group of patients who received or did not receive TM and died (n=58). Statistical methods of interval estimation, null hypothesis according to U Mann-Whitney criteria, binomial criteria, and T-test for two independent dichotomous samples according to the Bernoulli scheme using SPSS Statistics 26 stepwise direct method LR were used for the analysis.Results: 77.7% of patients with severe COVID-19 who received TM recovered, however, based on the analysis of data from a cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 who did not receive TM, it was found that recovery did not depend on TM. Adverse events associated with TM were noted in 3.7%. It has been found that TM reduces recovery time in the hospital and reduces the risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit. The average value of C-reactive protein (СRP) in the group of recovering those who received TM - 114.1 mg/l, and elevated levels of Procalcitonin (PC) above normal by 59.52% with an average value of 0.35 ng / ml.Conclusions: The high statistical significance of the obtained results in terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety of TM makes it possible to implement the obtained results in wide practice for the use of this drug in the treatment of severe COVID-19.

A mathematical model of lithosphere–atmosphere coupling for seismic events

Significant evidence of ionosphere disturbance in connection to intense seismic events have been detected since two decades. It is generally believed that the energy transfer can be due to Acoustic Gravity Waves (AGW) excited at ground level by the earthquakes. In spite of the statistical evidence of the detected perturbations, the coupling between lithosphere and atmosphere has not been so far properly explained by an accurate enough model. In this paper, for the first time, we show the result of an analytical-quantitative model that describes how the pressure and density disturbance is generated in the lower atmosphere by the ground motion associated to earthquakes. The direct comparison between observed and modelled vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperature shows the capability of the model to accurately reproduce, with an high statistical significance, the observed temperature fluctuations induced by strong earthquakes.

Clinical and psychopathological features of course and correction of depressive disorders in patients with brain tumors, prevention and rehabilitation

The article studys the psychological characteristics in patients with brain tumors of different localization which allows to reduce the diagnostic period and, as a result, minimize the time of early detection and the consequences of the surgical treatment of this pathology, and to cause a positive effect on preventing the development of psychopathological disorders at the hospital stage. Analysis of the clinical manifestations of depressive disorders of the subclinical level revealed their polymorphism: depression was accompanied by various variants of asthenic (prevalence of dyssomnias, psychalgia, adynamia and anxiety component) and anxiety (prevalence of senestopathies, hypochondria, phobia) states. The revealed symptom complexes of psychopathological and pathopsychological characteristics of the patient's condition were the clinical justification for the choice of methods of psychotherapeutic correction. Adjuvant psycho­logical therapy, individual rational and family psychotherapy were used as the basic method of psycho­therapeutic influence. Pharmacological correction included: anxiolytics, antidepressants, atypical mild antipsychotics in low doses. The results of the SCL-90-R test demonstrate the effectiveness of the comprehensive treatment aimed at preventing and reducing the manifestations of psychopathological symptoms. Comparison of the mean values of the SCL-90-R test revealed significant differences in such indicators as somatization (p<0.05), depressiveness (p<0.01), anxiety (p<0.05); high statistical significance is noted in the “index of symptom severity” integral indicator (p<0.01). Obtained results of psychological and psychiatric research became the basis for the development of differential diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis and prevention of the development of mental disorders.