scholarly journals Evolution of life cycles and reproductive traits: insights from the brown algae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Heesch ◽  
Martha Serrano‐Serrano ◽  
Josué Barrera‐Redondo ◽  
Rémy Luthringer ◽  
Akira F. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Evolution Of Life

scholarly journals Evolution of life cycles and reproductive traits: insights from the brown algae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Heesch ◽  
Martha Serrano-Serrano ◽  
Rémy Luthringer ◽  
Akira F. Peters ◽  
Christophe Destombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
System Level ◽  
Sexual Systems ◽  
Reproductive Life

ABSTRACTBrown algae are characterized by a remarkable diversity of life cycles, sexual systems, and reproductive modes, and these traits seem to be very labile across the whole group. This diversity makes them ideal models to test existing theories on the evolution of alternation between generations, and to examine correlations between life cycle and reproductive life history traits. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of trait evolution for four life-history traits: life cycle, sexual system, level of gamete dimorphism and gamete parthenogenetic capacity. We assign states to up to 70 species in a multi-gene phylogeny of brown algae, and use maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of correlated evolution, taking phylogeny into account, to test for correlations between life history traits and sexual systems, and to investigate the sequence of trait acquisition. Our analyses are consistent with the prediction that diploid growth may evolve because it allows the complementation of deleterious mutations, and that haploid sex determination is ancestral in relation to diploid sex determination. However, the idea that increased zygotic and diploid growth is associated with increased sexual dimorphism is not supported by our analysis. Finally, it appears that in the brown algae isogamous species evolved from anisogamous ancestors.

Analysis of the juvenile shell of Lingula anatina (Brachiopoda: Linguliformea) provides insight into the evolution of life cycles of fossil brachiopods

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anna A. Madison ◽  
Tatyana V. Kuzmina ◽  
Elena N. Temereva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Egg Envelope ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Inferences on the development and morphology of extinct brachiopods must be informed by the ontogeny and shell ornamentation of extant brachiopods. Although the adult shells of extant brachiopods are well studied, detailed descriptions of the embryonic and juvenile shells of extant lingulides are lacking. Here, we describe in detail the shells of juveniles of Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 from Vietnam and the Republic of the Philippines. The following previously unknown properties of the lingulide shell are described: (1) a distinct border between the protegulum and the brephic shell; (2) drapes that develop on both the protegulum and brephic shell; and (3) the notched anterior margin of the brephic shell. The drapes and cogs on the brephic shell may be caused by the formation of setal follicles during the planktonic stage. Specimens of L. anatina from the Philippines have larger brephic shells than those from Vietnam, probably because the former have a longer planktonic stage. Based on comparisons of the first-formed shells of extant brachiopods with published data on fossil brachiopods, we suggest that the life cycle of extant lingulides, in which planktotrophic juveniles with a shell hatch from the egg envelope, is the most evolutionarily advanced brachiopod life cycle and appeared in the early Silurian. We suggest criteria for determining the type of life cycle based on the structure of the first-formed shell of brachiopods. Finally, we consider hypothetical scenarios of life cycles of fossil brachiopods, including true planktotrophic larvae in the Cambrian linguliforms.

Direct and absorption costing in the evolution of life cycles

1984 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sibly ◽  
Peter Calow
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Evolution Of Life

scholarly journals Reproduction costs can drive the evolution of groups

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pichugin ◽  
Arne Traulsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Reproduction Costs ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA fascinating wealth of life cycles is observed in biology, from unicellularity to the concerted fragmentation of multi-cellular units. However, the understanding of factors driving the evolution of life cycles is still limited. We investigate how reproduction costs influence this process. We consider a basic model of a group structured population of undifferentiated cells, where groups reproduce by fragmentation. Fragmentation events are associated with a cost expressed by either a fragmentation delay, a fragmentation risk, or a fragmentation loss. The introduction of such fragmentation costs vastly increases the set of potentially optimal life cycles. Based on these findings, we suggest that the evolution of life cycles and the splitting into multiple offspring can be directly associated with the fragmentation cost. Moreover, the impact of this cost alone is strong enough to drive the emergence of multicellular groups, even under scenarios that strongly disfavour groups compared to solitary individuals.

scholarly journals ­Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia de Caralt ◽  
Janina González ◽  
Xavier Turon ◽  
María J. Uriz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Dysidea Avara ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
June July ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges,Dysidea avaraandPhorbas tenacior,belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions.D. avarahas a shorter reproductive period thanP. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period ofP. tenaciorlasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July inD. avara, and in August-October inP. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher inD. avarathan inP. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy inD. avarathan inP. tenacior.A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges.

The evolution of life cycles with haploid and diploid phases

BioEssays ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Mable ◽  
Sarah P. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Evolution Of Life

scholarly journals Evolution of multicellular life cycles under costly fragmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e1008406
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pichugin ◽  
Arne Traulsen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Impact

A fascinating wealth of life cycles is observed in biology, from unicellularity to the concerted fragmentation of multicellular units. However, the understanding of factors driving their evolution is still limited. We show that costs of fragmentation have a major impact on the evolution of life cycles due to their influence on the growth rates of the associated populations. We model a group structured population of undifferentiated cells, where cell clusters reproduce by fragmentation. Fragmentation events are associated with a cost expressed by either a fragmentation delay, an additional risk, or a cell loss. The introduction of such fragmentation costs vastly increases the set of possible life cycles. Based on these findings, we suggest that the evolution of life cycles involving splitting into multiple offspring can be directly associated with the fragmentation cost. Moreover, the impact of this cost alone is strong enough to drive the emergence of multicellular units that eventually split into many single cells, even under scenarios that strongly disfavour collectives compared to solitary individuals.

scholarly journals Fragmentation modes and the evolution of life cycles

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e1005860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pichugin ◽  
Jorge Peña ◽  
Paul B. Rainey ◽  
Arne Traulsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Evolution Of Life
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