Embryonic and larval traits of the temperate damselfishChromis crusmareveal important similarities with other Pomacentridae throughout the family's thermal range

In the large body of literature on ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying transitions between planktotrophy and lecithotrophy, the focus has typically covered long evolutionary timescales; that is, evolution of complex larval traits is generally discussed in the context of phylogenetic patterns detectable at the level of families, classes, or phyla. An analytical approach incorporating comparative phylogenetics is increasingly used to address these long-view questions. Here, we discuss what has been learned from taking a comparative phylogenetic approach and the limitations of this approach. We propose that approaches based on a closer view—that is, analyses that focus on genetic, morphological, and functional variation among individuals, populations, or closely related congeners—have greater potential to answer questions about mechanisms underlying the loss and regain of major complex characters such as feeding larvae.

Foraging behavior and predation success of the sand viper (Cerastes vipera)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z09-034 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 520-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aziz Subach ◽

Inon Scharf ◽

Ofer Ovadia

Keyword(s):

Length Ratio ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Hunger Level ◽

Intrinsic Factors ◽

Thermal Range ◽

Capture Success ◽

Study Sites ◽

Consequent Increase

Activity levels and foraging success of ectotherms are dependent both on extrinsic factors (e.g., ambient temperature) and intrinsic factors (e.g., hunger level). We focus here on activity and foraging of sand vipers ( Cerastes vipera (L., 1758)) (Squamata: Viperidae) in the northwestern Negev desert of Israel. Viper activity is bounded by a specific thermal range, but within this range, temperature does not affect the distance moved. Movement distances are, however, positively correlated with relative humidity. The capture success of lizards, the main prey of this viper, is strongly related both to movement distances of the snake and to the number of the lizard burrows scanned. Body size and shape have a direct effect on the number of burrows scanned and on the number of lizards captured. The increase in capture success with size is probably due to the consequent increase in the range of prey items the sand viper can subdue or handle. Vipers are larger and have a higher mass to length ratio in one of the three study sites, characterized by higher mean annual rainfall and vegetation cover. Finally, females tend to have a higher mass to length ratio than males, which may provide some space within the female body for reproductive materials such as eggs.

Installed Thermal Range of the Round Channel in the Conditions of Dielectric Heating

Siberian Journal of Physics ◽

10.25205/2541-9447-2018-13-2-16-22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

D. V. Kudashkin ◽

◽

A. V. Salomatov ◽

V. V. Salomatov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Heating ◽

Thermal Range ◽

Round Channel

Plant Succession, Ecological Restoration and the Skinks of Stephens Island / Takapourewa

10.26686/wgtn.16900549 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Cielle Stephens

Keyword(s):

Ecological Restoration ◽

Body Condition ◽

Plant Succession ◽

Food Sources ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Thermal Range ◽

Tail Loss ◽

The North ◽

Occupancy Rates ◽

The Impact

Ecological restoration often involves revegetation. I have investigated the impact of revegetation on the distribution, abundance and body condition of skinks on Stephens Island (Takapourewa). I tested the prediction that only one, Oligosoma infrapunctatum, of the four skink species (Oligosoma lineoocellatum, O. nigriplantare polychroma, O. infrapunctatum andO. zelandicum) will benefit in terms of abundance and distribution from revegetation. Stephens Island is a Wildlife Sanctuary in the north-western Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. The island is known for its diverse and abundant reptile community. Prior to the mid 19th century Stephens Island was covered in forest. Nearly 80% of this forest was destroyed following the establishment of a lighthouse and farm on the island in 1894. In 1989, when the control of Stephens Island passed to the Department of Conservation, reforestation became a key conservation goal. Stephens Island is currently a mosaic of different habitat types from pasture to coastal forest. Pitfall traps caught skinks for a mark-recapture study in four replicated habitat types: forest, tussock, pasture and replanted. Oligosoma lineoocellatum comprised 75% of all individuals caught. Densities of O. lineoocellatum were higher in replanted habitat (3020/ha in December and 3770/ha in March) than tussock (2690/ha in December and 2560/ha in March) and lowest in the pasture (1740/hain December and 1960/ha in March). Rates of captures were too low to perform density estimates for the other three species. Trap occupancy rates indicate O. nigriplantare polychroma is more common in the tussock habitat, and O. infrapunctatum is more common in the replanted habitat. Few O. zelandicum were found, primarily in the tussock habitat. Pasture areas replanted 13 years ago (now scrub habitat) support a higher diversity and abundance of skinks. Forest areas remain depauperate of skinks. Skink preference for replanted areas suggests that, for now, revegetation benefits their populations, possibly due to greater food sources, lower predation pressure and a wider thermal range. Body condition (log weight/ log snout-vent length) and proportion of tail loss of skinks were similar in the different habitat types. However, both O. nigriplantare polychroma and O.lineoocellatum had higher body condition in the replanted than the tussock habitat. Juvenile skinks had significantly lower body condition and a lower proportion of tail loss. Skink body condition was not negatively affected by revegetation or by different habitats, despite the large differences between the habitats. Revegetation currently benefits skink populations. Maintaining a mosaic of habitat types is recommended, because, should revegetation create more forest habitat through plantations or plant succession, it is likely that the population of all four species of skink will decline.

Understanding the effect of temperature on Bluetongue disease risk in livestock

10.1101/759860 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fadoua El Moustaid ◽

Zorian Thronton ◽

Hani Slamani ◽

Sadie J. Ryan ◽

Leah R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Disease Risk ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Basic Reproductive Number ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Modeling Tools ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Thermal Range ◽

Vector Borne

AbstractThe transmission of vector-borne diseases is governed by complex factors including pathogen characteristics, vector-host interactions, and environmental conditions. Temperature is a major driver for many vector-borne diseases including Bluetongue viral (BTV) disease, a midge-borne febrile disease of ruminants, notably livestock, whose etiology ranges from mild or asymptomatic to rapidly fatal, thus threatening animal agriculture and the economy of affected countries. Using modeling tools, we seek to predict where transmission can occur based on suitable temperatures for BTV. We fit thermal performance curves to temperature sensitive midge life history traits, using a Bayesian approach. Then, we incorporated these into a new formula for the disease basic reproductive number, R0, to include trait responses, for two species of key midge vectors, Culicoides sonorensis and Culicoides variipennis. Our results show that outbreaks of BTV are more likely between 15°C and 33°C with predicted peak transmission at 26°C. The greatest uncertainty in R0 is associated with the uncertainty in: mortality and fecundity of midges near optimal temperature for transmission; midges’ probability of becoming infectious post infection at the lower edge of the thermal range; and the biting rate together with vector competence at the higher edge of the thermal range. We compare our R0 to two other R0 formulations and show that incorporating thermal curves into all three leads to similar BTV risk predictions. To demonstrate the utility of this model approach, we created global suitability maps indicating the areas at high and long-term risk of BTV transmission, to assess risk, and anticipate potential locations of establishment.

Target detection from coregistered visual-thermal-range images

1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing ◽

10.1109/icassp.1997.595356 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.E. Perez-Jacome ◽

V.K. Madisetti

Keyword(s):

Target Detection ◽

Range Images ◽

Thermal Range

Zoned Laurite from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa: “Hydrothermal” in Origin?

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10040373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Federica Zaccarini ◽

Giorgio Garuti

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Hydrothermal Solution ◽

Layered Intrusion ◽

Accessory Mineral ◽

Sulfur Fugacity ◽

Thermal Range ◽

Merensky Reef ◽

Magmatic Stage ◽

Placer Deposits ◽

Local Enrichment

Laurite, ideally (Ru,Os)S2, is a common accessory mineral in podiform and stratiform chromitites and, to a lesser extent, it also occurs in placer deposits and is associated with Ni-Cu magmatic sulfides. In this paper, we report on the occurrence of zoned laurite found in the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld layered intrusion, South Africa. The zoned laurite forms relatively large crystals of up to more than 100 µm, and occurs in contact between serpentine and sulfides, such as pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite, that contain small phases containing Pb and Cl. Some zoned crystals of laurite show a slight enrichment in Os in the rim, as typical of laurite that crystallized at magmatic stage, under decreasing temperature and increasing sulfur fugacity, in a thermal range of about 1300–1000 °C. However, most of the laurite from the Merensky Reef are characterized by an unusual zoning that involves local enrichment of As, Pt, Ir, and Fe. Comparison in terms of Ru-Os-Ir of the Merensky Reef zoned laurite with those found in the layered chromitites of the Bushveld and podiform chromitites reveals that they are enriched in Ir. The Merensky Reef zoned laurite also contain high amount of As (up to 9.72 wt%), Pt (up to 9.72 wt%) and Fe (up to 14.19 wt%). On the basis of its textural position, composition, and zoning, we can suggest that the zoned laurite of the Merensky Reef is “hydrothermal” in origin, having crystallized in the presence of a Cl- and As-rich hydrous solution, at temperatures much lower than those typical of the precipitation of magmatic laurite. Although, it remains to be seen whether the “hydrothermal” laurite precipitated directly from the hydrothermal fluid, or it represents the alteration product of a pre-existing laurite reacting with the hydrothermal solution.

Reduction of Optimal Thermal Range in Aging Western Cherry Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1093/jisesa/iev059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 77-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. G. Neven

Keyword(s):

Fruit Flies ◽

Thermal Range

Sustainable Design Treatments for Thermal Range

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/518/2/022041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 518 ◽

pp. 022041

Author(s):

Ahmed Hashim El-Eqapy ◽

Basim H. Hashim Al-Majidi ◽

Moheamen basim Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Design ◽

Thermal Range