Rapid automated landmarking for morphometric analysis of three-dimensional facial scans

Purpose The gold-standard for reconstruction of large mandibular defects is the use of free flaps of vascularized autologous bone with the fibula as the preferred donor site. The use of "custom cutting guides" for this indication is becoming increasingly prevalent. But cost of the procedure averages around 2,500 dollars per patient excluding treatment and entails selection criteria. We think it is possible to standardize mandibular reconstructions from an anatomical mean. The objective of this study was to perform a mandibular morphometric analysis in order to obtain a set of "mean" measurements, which can be used by all surgeons interested in mandibular reconstruction. Methods We performed a morphometric analysis consisting of three-dimensional mandibular reconstructions of 30 men and 30 women. Several reference points were set and defined to evaluate specific lengths and angles of interest. We conducted an intra and inter-sexual descriptive analysis of measurements obtained. Results We did not identify any major intra-sexual differences within each group. The gonial angle is more open in women and the measurements characterizing the basilar contour are more prominent in men. We did not identify any differences in alveolar region parameters. Conclusion The results of this study constitute a morphological tool for surgeons, from bone graft to free flap. These results also confirm us that the use of «custom cutting guides» for mandibular reconstruction may be excessive. It is pertinent to examine the value of "custom made" mandibular reconstructions since the differences observed are of the order of millimeters.

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Advances in Documentation, Digital Curation, Virtual Exhibition, and a Test of 3D Geometric Morphometrics

Advances in Archaeological Practice ◽

10.7183/2326-3768.2.2.64 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 64-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Robert Z. Selden ◽

Timothy K. Perttula ◽

Michael J. O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Future Research ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Digital Curation ◽

Ceramic Vessel ◽

Archaeological Materials ◽

Digital Scanning ◽

3D Documentation ◽

Range Of Variation

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) digital scanning of archaeological materials is typically used as a tool for artifact documentation. With the permission of the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, 3D documentation of Caddo funerary vessels from the Vanderpool site (41SM77) was conducted with the initial goal of ensuring that these data would be publicly available for future research long after the vessels were repatriated. A digital infrastructure was created to archive and disseminate the resultant 3D datasets, ensuring that they would be accessible by both researchers and the general public (CRHR 2014a). However, 3D imagery can be used for much more than documentation. To illustrate this, these data were utilized in a 3D morphometric analysis of the intact and reconstructed vessels to explore the range of variation that occurs in ceramic vessel shape and its potential contribution to the local ceramic taxonomy. Results of the 3D morphometric analysis demonstrate the potential for substantive analytical gains in discussions of temporal resolution and ceramic technological organization in the ancestral Caddo region.

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Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial sexual dimorphism in a Central European sample of known sex

HOMO ◽

10.1016/j.jchb.2009.09.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 16-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

L. Bigoni ◽

J. Velemínská ◽

J. Brůžek

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Central European ◽

Geometric Morphometric Analysis

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Three-dimensional morphometric analysis reveals time-dependent structural changes in microglia and astrocytes in the central amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of heart failure rats

Journal of Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1186/s12974-020-01892-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ferdinand Althammer ◽

Hildebrando Candido Ferreira-Neto ◽

Myurajan Rubaharan ◽

Ranjan K. Roy ◽

Atit A. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Central Amygdala ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, are the most common cause of death globally. Recent studies support a high degree of comorbidity between heart failure and cognitive and mood disorders resulting in memory loss, depression, and anxiety. While neuroinflammation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to autonomic and cardiovascular dysregulation in heart failure, mechanisms underlying cognitive and mood disorders in this disease remain elusive. The goal of this study was to quantitatively assess markers of neuroinflammation (glial morphology, cytokines, and A1 astrocyte markers) in the central amygdala, a critical forebrain region involved in emotion and cognition, and to determine its time course and correlation to disease severity during the progression of heart failure. Methods We developed and implemented a comprehensive microglial/astrocyte profiler for precise three-dimensional morphometric analysis of individual microglia and astrocytes in specific brain nuclei at different time points during the progression of heart failure. To this end, we used a well-established ischemic heart failure rat model. Morphometric studies were complemented with quantification of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and A1/A2 astrocyte markers via qPCR. Results We report structural remodeling of central amygdala microglia and astrocytes during heart failure that affected cell volume, surface area, filament length, and glial branches, resulting overall in somatic swelling and deramification, indicative of a change in glial state. These changes occurred in a time-dependent manner, correlated with the severity of heart failure, and were delayed compared to changes in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Morphometric changes correlated with elevated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of reactive A1-type astrocytes in the paraventricular nucleus and central amygdala during heart failure. Conclusion We provide evidence that in addition to the previously described hypothalamic neuroinflammation implicated in sympathohumoral activation during heart failure, microglia, and astrocytes within the central amygdala also undergo structural remodeling indicative of glial shifts towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Thus, our studies suggest that neuroinflammation in the amygdala stands as a novel pathophysiological mechanism and potential therapeutic target that could be associated with emotional and cognitive deficits commonly observed at later stages during the course of heart failure.

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