scholarly journals Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular‐arterial coupling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Tatsuyuki Osuga ◽  
Tomoya Morita ◽  
Noboru Sasaki ◽  
Keitaro Morishita ◽  
Hiroshi Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Arterial Coupling

scholarly journals Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical and Functional Significance of the Coincidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nina C. Wunderlich ◽  
Siew Yen Ho ◽  
Nir Flint ◽  
Robert J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Basal Portion

The morphological changes that occur in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) involve various components, ultimately leading to the impairment of mitral valve (MV) function. In this context, intrinsic mitral annular abnormalities are increasingly recognized, such as a mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a specific anatomical abnormality whereby there is a distinct separation between the mitral annulus and the left atrial wall and the basal portion of the posterolateral left ventricular myocardium. In recent years, several studies have suggested that MAD contributes to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets, and there is growing evidence that MAD is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this review, the morphological characteristics of MAD and imaging tools for diagnosis will be described, and the clinical and functional aspects of the coincidence of MAD and myxomatous MVP will be discussed.

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Twist and Circumferential Strain in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Zois ◽  
N.T. Olsen ◽  
S.G. Moesgaard ◽  
C.E. Rasmussen ◽  
T. Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Twist ◽  
Ventricular Twist

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of echocardiographic indices of left atrial and ventricular morphology in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
R. M. Trofimiak ◽  
L. G. Slivinska
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Mitral Apparatus

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is one of the most common acquired diseases of the cardiovascular system of genetic etiology in small breed dogs. A long asymptomatic course characterizes the disease. Presently, the main diagnostic technique for heart diseases is echocardiography. This study evaluates individual echocardiographic indices of the left atrial and ventricular morphology with the determination of the diagnostic value of each of them in predicting the course of the disease. The study was conducted in a private veterinary hospital “Eurovet” and on the basis of the clinic of the Department of internal animal diseases and clinical diagnostics of Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Lviv during 2018–2019. The objects consisted of 46 dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of myxomatous mitral valve disease according to the recommendations of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) and no signs of comorbidities. During the study, three experimental groups of animals were formed according to the clinical and functional status characteristic of each stage of MMVD development – B1, B2, C. According to the results, all experimental dogs showed changes in the mitral apparatus in the form of thickening of the anterior and posterior cusps, mitral valve (MV) prolapse into the left atrial (LA) cavity and regurgitation (MR), the severity of which increased with the stage of the disease (from 20 % to 60 %). In 44.4 % of animals in group B2, thickening of the left ventricular walls was diagnosed in diastole and in 22.2 % in systole. Instead, these values increase to 46.1 % and 53.8 % in group C, respectively. However, the degree of hypertrophy is disproportionate. With the development of the disease, we detect its decrease from 0.64 ± 0.03 (group B1) to 0.50 ± 0.04 (group B2) and 0.51 ± 0.03 (group C) also we observed an increase in LVEDD/2 from 1.30 ± 0.05 cm (group B1) to 1.46 ± 0.12 cm (group B2) and 1.54 ± 0.13 cm (group C). The value of nLVEDD in B1 was 1.36 times (P < 0.001) lower compared to B2 and C. Higher values of this parameter were found in 23.1 % of dogs in group C compared to the maximum value of B2. As MV insufficiency progresses, the LA/Ao index increases slightly (1.08 times) in B2, followed by an increase in C (1.38 times, P < 0.001). At the same time, we diagnose an increase (P < 0.05) in PV/PA by 1.18 times in B2 and 1.46 times (P < 0.001) in C. Thus, an increase in the severity of mitral regurgitation, a rapid increase in nLVEDD, the dynamics of the decrease in the degree of hypertrophy h/R, as well as an increase in LA/AO, PV/PA indices are predictors of unfavorable prognosis of myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve in dogs.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Deranged Energy Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming in Dogs With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghong Li ◽  
Éva Larouche‐Lebel ◽  
Kerry A. Loughran ◽  
Terry P. Huh ◽  
Jan S. Suchodolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Valve Disease

Background Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), a naturally occurring heart disease, affects 10% to 15% of the canine population. Canine MMVD shares many similarities with human MMVD. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify changes in metabolic pathways and biomarkers with potential clinical utilities. Methods and Results Serum samples from 27 healthy, 22 stage B1, 18 stage B2 preclinical MMVD dogs, and 17 MMVD dogs with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) were analyzed. Linear regression analysis identified 173 known metabolites whose concentrations were different among the 4 groups (adjusted P <0.05), of which 40% belonged to amino acid super pathways, while 30% were lipids. More than 50% of significant metabolites were correlated with left atrial diameter but not left ventricular dimension. Acylcarnitines, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and creatine accumulated in proportion to MMVD severity. α‐Ketobutyrate and ketone bodies were increased as MMVD advanced. Nicotinamide, a key substrate of the main nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) salvage pathway, was decreased, while quinolinate of the de novo NAD + biosynthesis was increased in CHF dogs versus healthy dogs. 3‐Methylhistidine, marker for myofibrillar protein degradation, was higher in CHF dogs than non‐CHF dogs. Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) and TMAO–producing precursors, including carnitine, phosphatidylcholine, betaine, and trimethyllysine, were increased in CHF dogs versus non‐CHF dogs. Elevated levels of uremic toxins, including guanidino compounds, TMAO, and urea, were observed in CHF dogs. Pathway analysis highlighted the importance of bioenergetics and amino acid metabolism in canine MMVD. Conclusions Our study revealed altered energy metabolism, amino acid metabolic programming, and reduced renal function in the development of MMVD and CHF. Complex interplays along the heart‐kidney‐gut axis were implicated.

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