Origin and transportation history of lunar breccia 14311

The paper presents a regional comparative analysis of agricultural products transported by truck among five states - Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota in 1997 and 2002. Sections of the paper include a brief history of the trucking industry, an outline of inefficiencies in truck transportation, discussion on the uniformity of trucking regulations, and analysis of the value and tonnage of commodities transported within the five-state region. The comparison reveals Nebraska is a major source of agricultural commodities for its neighbors and the country as a whole.

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The Suspension Bridges of Andrew Smith Hallidie

California History ◽

10.1525/ch.2018.95.2.52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 52-70

Author(s):

Stephen Mikesell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Suspension Bridge ◽

The United States ◽

Suspension Bridges ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

History Of ◽

Transportation History ◽

Steel Cables ◽

Mother Lode

Andrew Smith Hallidie (1836–1900) played a central role in the development of the suspension bridge, not only in California but across the United States. While Hallidie did not invent the suspension bridge, he made improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel cables for such bridges. He also built at least eight substantial bridges, all in remote regions of California and elsewhere in the late 1850s and early 1860s. He made a meaningful contribution to the transportation history of the Mother Lode, building bridges that were able to withstand the ferocious floods that decimated the region during the early 1860s.

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Characterization of Equine Parvovirus in Thoroughbred Breeding Horses from Germany

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11100965 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 965 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Meister ◽

Tegtmeyer ◽

Brüggemann ◽

Sieme ◽

Feige ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Thoroughbred Horses ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Breeding History ◽

Transportation History

An equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has been recently identified in association with equine serum hepatitis, also known as Theiler’s disease. The disease was first described by Arnold Theiler in 1918 and is often observed with parenteral use of blood products in equines. However, natural ways of viral circulation and potential risk factors for transmission still remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of EqPV-H infections in Thoroughbred horses in northern and western Germany and aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with viral infections. A total of 392 Thoroughbreds broodmares and stallions were evaluated cross-sectionally for the presence of anti-EqPV-H antibodies and EqPV-H DNA using a luciferase immunoprecipitation assay (LIPS) and a quantitative PCR, respectively. In addition, data regarding age, stud farm, breeding history, and international transportation history of each horse were collected and analysed. An occurrence of 7% EqPV-H DNA positive and 35% seropositive horses was observed in this study cohort. The systematic analysis of risk factors revealed that age, especially in the group of 11–15-year-old horses, and breeding history were potential risk factors that can influence the rate of EqPV-H infections. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity on nucleotide level within the sequenced Thoroughbred samples. In conclusion, this study demonstrates circulating EqPV-H infections in Thoroughbred horses from central Europe and revealed age and breeding history as risk factors for EqPV-H infections.

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