Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measures. In this systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to August 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Mean differences and SDs for each outcome were pooled using a random-effects model. Furthermore, a dose–response analysis for zinc dosage was performed using a fractional polynomial model. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Twenty-seven trials (n = 1438 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures after zinc supplementation in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analyses revealed that zinc supplementation increased body weight in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) [3 trials, n = 154 participants; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.02 kg; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.65 kg; P = 0.002; I2 = 11.4%] and decreased body weight in subjects who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy (5 trials, n = 245 participants; WMD = −0.55 kg; 95% CI: −1.06, −0.04 kg; P = 0.03; I2 = 31.5%). Dose–response analyses revealed a significant nonlinear effect of supplementation dosage on BMI (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that zinc supplementation increases body weight in patients undergoing HD and decreases body weight in individuals who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy, although after normalization for study duration, the association observed in subjects who are overweight/obese disappeared. Although more high-quality studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion, our study supports the view that zinc may be associated with body weight.

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Almond Consumption and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1076-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michelle A Lee-Bravatti ◽

Jifan Wang ◽

Esther E Avendano ◽

Ligaya King ◽

Elizabeth J Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Weight ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating almond consumption and risk factors for CVD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and previous systematic reviews were searched from 1990 through June 2017 for RCTs of ≥3 wk duration that evaluated almond compared with no almond consumption in adults who were either healthy or at risk for CVD. The most appropriate stratum was selected with an almond dose closer to 42.5 g, with a control most closely matched for macronutrient composition, energy intake, and similar intervention duration. The outcomes included risk factors for CVD. Random-effects model meta-analyses and subgroup meta-analyses were performed. Fifteen eligible trials analyzed a total of 534 subjects. Almond intervention significantly decreased total cholesterol (summary net change: −10.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: −16.75, −4.63 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (summary net change: −5.83 mg/dL; 95% CI: −9.91, −1.75 mg/dL); body weight (summary net change: −1.39 kg; 95% CI: −2.49, −0.30 kg), HDL cholesterol (summary net change: −1.26 mg/dL; 95% CI: −2.47, −0.05 mg/dL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) (summary net change: −6.67 mg/dL; 95% CI: −12.63, −0.72 mg/dL). Triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein A1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein (a) showed no difference between almond and control in the main and subgroup analyses. Fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index significantly decreased with almond consumption of >42.5 g compared with ≤42.5 g. Almond consumption may reduce the risk of CVD by improving blood lipids and by decreasing body weight and apoB. Substantial heterogeneity in eligible studies regarding almond interventions and dosages precludes firmer conclusions.

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Effects of Tea Consumption on Anthropometric Parameters, Metabolic Indexes and Hormone Levels of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.736867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Wenjuan Shen ◽

Yujia Pan ◽

Bao Jin ◽

Zongyu Zhang ◽

Tianjiao You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Green Tea ◽

Random Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Biomedical Literature ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Randomized Controlled

ObjectiveOur aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of tea supplements for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsWe conducted searches of the published literature in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database, and Wanfang Database in 1985 to September 2021. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to assess the effects of tea versus placebo in women with PCOS. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were pooled using a random-effects model or risks ratios (RRs) using a random-effects model.ResultsSix RCTs (235 participants) were included in our systematic review. Tea supplements as adjuvant therapy led to greater improvement in body weight (WMD −2.71, 95% CI −4.95 to −0.46, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%), fasting blood glucose (FBG: WMD −0.40, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.20, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) and fasting insulin (FINS: WMD −3.40, 95% CI −4.76 to −2.03, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) when compared with placebo. There were no significant differences of body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat rate, total testosterone, free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone, luteinizing hormone or follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) between the two groups. In addition, subgroup analysis suggested that green tea was effective on body weight, FINS, FBG, FT, and FSH, and herbal tea can also reduce FT levels, tea supplements had a significant impact on FBG and FSH in trials with intervention duration ≥ 3 months, and intervention lasting less than 3 months can improve FINS. Tea had significant effect on reducing WHR, FBG and FSH in Asian PCOS patients, but not in Caucasians. And there was no statistically significant effect of tea on weight and FINS in Asians, but it was effective for Caucasian participants. Compared with placebo, tea supplements did not cause significant adverse reactions (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.30 to 6.90, P = 0.65, I2 = 0%).ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that consumption of tea supplementation in women with PCOS could significantly decrease the levels of FBG and FINS as well as reduce body weight. Especially green tea, not only has the above effects, but also has a significant effect on improving a variety of reproductive hormone indexes. Furthermore, tea supplementation is a relatively safe therapy for PCOS patients. Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=212755, identifier CRD42021249196.

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Pilates for Overweight or Obesity: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.643455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Zehua Chen ◽

Zugui Wu ◽

Xiangling Ye ◽

Xuemeng Xu

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Background: Evidence for the efficacy of Pilates for the modulation of body weight and body composition is unclear.Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of Pilates on body weight and body composition in adults with overweight or obesity.Data Sources: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to 12 November 2020 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials comparing Pilates with other physical exercises or without any intervention were included.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Three reviewers independently performed the data extraction and assessed study quality. The mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pooled data were calculated.Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcome measures were body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, lean body mass, and waist circumference.Results: Eleven RCTs with 393 subjects were included. This study revealed that Pilates dramatically reduces body weight (MD = −2.40, 95% CI: [−4.04, −0.77], P = 0.004, I2 = 51%), BMI (MD = −1.17, 95% CI: [−1.85, −0.50], P = 0.0006, I2 = 61%), and body fat percentage (MD = −4.22, 95% CI: [−6.44, −2.01], P = 0.0002, I2 = 88%) in adults with overweight or obesity. The reduction in body weight and body fat percentage appears to be more pronounced in studies including participants with obesity only, and the efficacy of Pilates for the improvement of body weight and BMI appears to be more evident in longer intervention duration. However, Pilates has no significant effect on waist circumference (MD = −2.65, 95% CI: [−6.84, 1.55], P = 0.22, I2 = 0%) and lean body mass (MD = −0.00, 95% CI: [−1.40, 1.40], P = 1.00, I2 = 23%).Conclusions: Pilates dramatically reduces body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage in adults with overweight or obesity. Large-scale and well-designed RCTs with improved methodology and reporting are urgently needed to further confirm these results.

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