Comments on the article ‘Optimum waist circumference‐height indices for evaluating adult adiposity: An analytic review': Consideration of relationship to cardiovascular risk factors and to the public health message

AbstractThe association between dietary patterns and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence towards the effects of the overall diet on the complex net of biological inter-relationships between risk factors. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns and examine their associations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors following a theoretic model for the relationship between them. Participants included 417 adults of both sexes, enrolled to the cross-sectional population-based study performed in Brazil. Body weight, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio, fasting plasma glucose and serum leptin were evaluated. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls adjusted for the within-person variation of intake. A total of three dietary patterns were derived by exploratory structural equation modelling: ‘Traditional’, ‘Prudent’ and ‘Modern’. The ‘Traditional’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on obesity indicators (serum LEP, body weight and waist circumference) and negative indirect effects on total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio and fasting plasma glucose. The ‘Prudent’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on systolic blood pressure. No association was observed for the ‘Modern’ pattern and metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, the ‘Traditional’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary patterns were negatively associated with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian adults. Their apparent protective effects against obesity and high blood pressure may be important non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and control of obesity-related metabolic disorders and CVD.

Download Full-text

Optimal waist circumference cut-off values for predicting cardiovascular risk factors in a multi-ethnic Malaysian population

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.orcp.2013.03.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e154-e162 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kee C. Cheong ◽

Sumarni M. Ghazali ◽

Lim K. Hock ◽

Ahmad F. Yusoff ◽

Sharmini Selvarajah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Malaysian Population

Download Full-text

BMI, waist circumference, and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese adults

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1007/s12199-010-0169-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Machi Suka ◽

Yuichi Miwa ◽

Yoshiki Ono ◽

Hiroyuki Yanagisawa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Japanese Adults

Download Full-text

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Adolescents: The NHANES 1999–2002

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.7.6.746 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 746-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Soyang Kwon ◽

Trudy L. Burns ◽

Kathleen Janz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Insulin Metabolism ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Adjusted Means

Background:This study aimed to examine combined and independent effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness on cardiovascular risk factors among U.S. adolescents.Methods:Data from adolescents age 12 to 19 years participating in the NHANES 1999 to 2002 were used. Fitness level was determined by submaximal treadmill test and was dichotomized as ‘not fit’ or ‘fit’ according to the FITNESSGRAM. Fatness level was categorized as ‘not fat’ or ‘fat’ based on the CDC BMI growth charts. Gender-specific multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to compare age-, race/ethnicity-, fatness-, and waist circumference-adjusted means of blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, C-peptide, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.Results:A total of 3202 adolescents (1629 boys) were included for data analysis. Among boys, total cholesterol, tri-glycerides, insulin, and CRP mean levels were significantly higher (P < .05) in the ‘not fit’ group than in the ‘fit’ group, after adjustment for fatness level and waist circumference. Among girls, the fatness level- and waist circumference-adjusted means of total cholesterol (P < .01) and LDL-C (P < .09) were higher in the ‘not fit’ than ‘fit’ groups.Conclusion:Cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of fatness, may have beneficial effects on lipid profiles among girls, and on lipid profiles, insulin metabolism, and inflammation levels among boys.

Download Full-text