Polyunsaturated fatty acids as modulators of fat mass and lean mass in human body composition regulation and cardiometabolic health

Abstract Objectives Cancer contributes to adverse changes in body composition that may increase risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Skeletal muscle is a main driver of cardiometabolic health. We hypothesize that higher intake of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs) is associated with muscle health. This study evaluates whether LCn3PUFA exposure assessed in diet and in blood is associated with markers of muscle health in women with breast cancer. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis evaluating LCn3PUFA exposure and markers of muscle health in women (N = 150) prior to treatment for breast cancer. Exposure to LCn3PUFAs was assessed by a diet history questionnaire (DHQ), a question specifically about supplement usage and biomarker of LCn3PUFAs in red blood cells (RBC). Body composition were measured at the same visit using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models were used to test for associations. Results 13% (N = 19) of women reported using fish oil supplements (e.g., Supplement Users) and had significantly higher levels of RBC LCn3PUFAs than Supplement Non-users. In Supplement Non-users, there was a positive association between reported dietary exposure by DHQ and RBC LCn3PUFA levels. The n3 index (e.g., sum of RBC EPA + DHA) and DHA (22:6n3) were positively associated with appendicular lean mass/BMI. There were no significant correlations between RBC LCn3PUFAs with grip strength and or other measurements of body composition. Conclusions As a biomarker of intake, RBC LCn3PUFAs are positively associated with appendicular lean mass, a measure of skeletal muscle mass. A future study should prospectively evaluate whether higher LCn3PUFA exposure (as measured in blood) is associated with maintaining better muscle health during and following cancer treatment. Funding Sources Funding was provided by the National Cattleman's Beef Association, NIH (JKG) CA186720, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center and the Carol S. Kennedy Professorship.

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Is There a FADS2-Modulated Link between Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma Phospholipids and Polyphenol Intake in Adult Subjects Who Are Overweight?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 296

Author(s):

Manja M. Zec ◽

Irena Krga ◽

Ljiljana Stojković ◽

Maja Živković ◽

Biljana Pokimica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Plasma Phospholipids ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Total Pool ◽

Polyphenol Intake ◽

Overweight Adults ◽

Long Chain

Dietary polyphenols promote cardiometabolic health and are linked with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids (LC-PUFA). The FADS2 polymorphisms are associated with LC-PUFA metabolism and overweight/obesity. This 4-week study examined the link between polyphenol intake, FADS2 variants (rs174593, rs174616, rs174576) and obesity in 62 overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25), allocated to consume 100 mL daily of either: Aronia juice, a rich source of polyphenols, with 1177.11 mg polyphenols (expressed as gallic acid equivalents)/100 mL (AJ, n = 22), Aronia juice with 294.28 mg polyphenols/100 mL (MJ, n = 20), or nutritionally matched polyphenol-lacking placebo as a control (PLB, n = 20). We analyzed LC-PUFA (% of total pool) by gas chromatography and FADS2 variants by real-time PCR. Four-week changes in LC-PUFA, BMI, and body weight were included in statistical models, controlling for gender and PUFA intake. Only upon AJ and MJ, the presence of FADS2 variant alleles affected changes in linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Upon MJ treatment, changes in EPA were inversely linked with changes in BMI (β= −0.73, p = 0.029) and weight gain (β= −2.17, p = 0.024). Only in subjects drinking AJ, the link between changes in EPA and anthropometric indices was modified by the rs174576 variant allele. Our results indicate the interaction between FADS2, fatty acid metabolism, and polyphenol intake in overweight subjects.

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Sensitivity of bioelectrical impedance to detect changes in human body composition

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1643 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1643-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

R. Ross ◽

L. Leger ◽

P. Martin ◽

R. Roy

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exercise Regimen ◽

Before And After ◽

Hydrostatic Weighing ◽

Human Body Composition

The purpose of this study was to compare the estimates of lean body mass (LBM) and percent body fat (%BF), as predicted by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and sum of skinfolds (SF), with those derived by hydrostatic weighing (HW) obtained before and after a 10-wk diet and exercise regimen. The experimental (E) group consisted of 17 healthy male subjects; 20 healthy males served as the control (C) group. Post hoc Scheffe contrasts computed on E group data indicated that, for both LBM and %BF, the Lukaski and Segal BIA equations, as well as the Durnin SF equation, derived mean values that were not significantly different (0.05 significance level) from HW in both pre- and postregimen conditions. For LBM, the same equations derived the following significant (P less than 0.01) correlation coefficients for both pre- and postregimen data: Lukaski, 0.87 and 0.85; Segal, 0.89 and 0.87; and Durnin, 0.90 and 0.88. For %BF, the correlation coefficients were slightly lower but remained statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the BIA method, by use of either the Lukaski or Segal prediction equations, is a valid means of predicting changes in human body composition as measured by the Siri transformation of body density.

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Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess human body composition

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/s0271-5317(99)00079-2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1179-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sufia Islam ◽

Iqbal Kabir ◽

Mohammad A. Wahed ◽

Michael I. Goran ◽

Dilip Mahalanabis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Human Body Composition

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Development of a MATLAB-based Predictive System for Human Body Composition using Wenner Method

Proceedings of the 2020 10th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1145/3397391.3397422 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Analyn N. Yumang ◽

Ericson D. Dimaunahan ◽

Jose B. Lazaro ◽

Dean Henry S. Guerrero ◽

Christine S. Lapada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Human Body Composition

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Body composition in childhood: effects of normal growth and disease

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2003261 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 521-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

J. C. K. Wells

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

General Interest ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Adult Disease ◽

Increased Risk

Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.

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Human Body Volume Measurement by Sulfur Hexafluoride-dilution Method and Its Application to Human Body Composition Assessment.

The Annals of physiological anthropology ◽

10.2114/ahs1983.11.461 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 461-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fumio NAKADOMO ◽

Kiyoji TANAKA ◽

Kanji WATANABE ◽

Hisashi MITANI

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽

Volume Measurement ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Body Volume ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Human Body Composition

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Abstract 17105: Is There a Difference in Lean and Fat Mass in HF Patients Based on NYHA Classifications (I-II versus III-IV)?

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_1.17105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Christine Haedtke ◽

Debra K Moser ◽

Susan J Pressler ◽

Terry Lennie

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Class I ◽

Unexpected Finding ◽

Class Iii ◽

Medication Regimen ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nyha Classification

Introduction: As NYHA Class increases from I (ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue), to Class IV (Symptoms are present while at rest) physical limitations become severe. It has previously been shown that HF patients have increased fat within the muscle thus decreasing exercise performance and tolerance. It is unclear if all NYHA classes are similarly affected. Hypothesis: HF patients with NYHA class III-IV will have more fat and less lean mass than those with NYHA class I-II. Methods: Secondary data analysis using cross sectional data from N=253. The parent study was a multicenter study about nutrition and body composition among patients with HF (preserved or reduced, and NYHA classification I-IV) who had been on a stable medication regimen, able to participate in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and/or BodPod body composition measures, able to read and speak English, and had no cognitive impairment. Women and men were analyzed separately due to known differences in fat and lean mass. Results: Table 1: Sample characteristic’s Testing the hypothesis using 2-way ANOVA and comparing the percentage of body weight that is lean and fat mass in NYHA class I-II vs III-IV found the interaction of gender and NYHA was not significant in either % lean or %fat (p=0.221, 0.190 respectively). NYHA class by itself was not significant (p=0.067) in %lean but was significant in %fat (p=0.046). Gender was significant in both %lean and %fat with men having 9.6% less fat (1.139 SE) and 9.8% more lean mass (1.066 SE) (p≤0.001). NYHA class III-IV had 2.3% (1.139 SE) more fat than those in NYHA class I-II. The R squared was 0.265 and adjusted R squared was 0.256. Conclusions: Part of our hypothesis was correct in that NYHA class III-IV had more fat mass than those in class I-II, but no difference was found in lean. This is an unexpected finding as healthy people gain fat mass while losing lean mass as they age. Additional studies are needed to further examine this result.

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