scholarly journals Individual variation in marine larval‐fish swimming speed and the emergence of dispersal kernels

Oikos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Burgess ◽  
Michael Bode ◽  
Jeffrey M. Leis ◽  
Luciano B. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Dispersal Kernels

THE EFFECT OF SOLID AND POROUS CHANNEL WALLS ON STEADY SWIMMING OF STEELHEAD TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS

1993 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Wall Effects ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Solid Walls ◽  
Tail Beat

Kinematics and steady swimming performance were recorded for steelhead trout (approximately 12.2 cm in total length) swimming in channels 4.5, 3 and 1.6 cm wide in the centre of a flume 15 cm wide. Channel walls were solid or porous. Tail-beat depth and the length of the propulsive wave were not affected by spacing of either solid or porous walls. The product of tail-beat frequency, F, and amplitude, H, was related to swimming speed, u, and to harmonic mean distance of the tail from the wall, z. For solid walls: FH = 1.01(+/−0.31)u0.67(+/−0.09)z(0.12+/−0.02) and for grid walls: FH = 0.873(+/−0.302)u0.74(+/−0.08)z0.064(+/−0.024), where +/−2 s.e. are shown for regression coefficients. Thus, rates of working were smaller for fish swimming between solid walls, but the reduction due to wall effects decreased with increasing swimming speed. Porous grid walls had less effect on kinematics, except at low swimming speeds. Spacing of solid walls did not affect maximum tail-beat frequency, but maximum tail-beat amplitude decreased with smaller wall widths. Maximum tail-beat amplitude similarly decreased with spacing between grid walls, but maximum tail-beat frequency increased. Walls also reduced maximum swimming speed. Wall effects have not been adequately taken into account in most studies of fish swimming in flumes and fish wheels.

Limit of fish swimming speed

Nature ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 255 (5511) ◽  
pp. 725-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. WARDLE
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Fish Swimming

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of Vortex Generation during Bell Contraction by the Hydromedusa Eutonina indicans (Romanes, 1876)

Biomimetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Costello ◽  
Sean P. Colin ◽  
Brad J. Gemmell ◽  
John O. Dabiri
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Dynamics ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Vortex Rings ◽  
Vortex Generation ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Linear Path ◽  
Hydrodynamic Wake

Swimming bell kinematics and hydrodynamic wake structures were documented during multiple pulsation cycles of a Eutonina indicans (Romanes, 1876) medusa swimming in a predominantly linear path. Bell contractions produced pairs of vortex rings with opposite rotational sense. Analyses of the momentum flux in these wake structures demonstrated that vortex dynamics related directly to variations in the medusa swimming speed. Furthermore, a bulk of the momentum flux in the wake was concentrated spatially at the interfaces between oppositely rotating vortices rings. Similar thrust-producing wake structures have been described in models of fish swimming, which posit vortex rings as vehicles for energy transport from locations of body bending to regions where interacting pairs of opposite-sign vortex rings accelerate the flow into linear propulsive jets. These findings support efforts toward soft robotic biomimetic propulsion.

An Evaluation of the Stereocinematographic Method to Estimate Fish Swimming Speed

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Over Time

I evaluated the precision and accuracy of the stereocinematographic (SCG) method for estimating fish swimming speed. The SCG method implements the differences in images recorded by two cameras to determine the position of a target in an x, y, z, coordinate system. Movements and speeds were determined using variations in the position of the targets over time. Movements of rulers [Formula: see text] estimated in the laboratory did not differ significantly from measured values. The accuracy of the SCG method in the field was assessed by comparing simultaneous estimates of the speed of the head and of the tail of individual fish observed in in situ enclosures. Differences between these descriptors of fish swimming were always < 2 body lengths (bl)∙s−1 and, on average, did not differ significantly from 0. Swimming speeds [Formula: see text] ranged from 0.6 to 20.7 cm∙s−1 (0.1–3.8 bl∙s−1). Speed variations between two consecutive 1-s intervals ranged from −23.9 cm∙s−1 (deceleration) to 23.6 cm∙s−1 (acceleration). Positioning fish at 1- to 6-s intervals tended to decrease the variance of swimming speed estimates. A sample size of 100–150 speeds per hour was sufficient to accurately describe fish swimming in an in situ enclosure.

scholarly journals How body torque and Strouhal number change with swimming speed and developmental stage in larval zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (110) ◽  
pp. 20150479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan L. van Leeuwen ◽  
Cees J. Voesenek ◽  
Ulrike K. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Strouhal Number ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Propulsive Efficiency ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

Small undulatory swimmers such as larval zebrafish experience both inertial and viscous forces, the relative importance of which is indicated by the Reynolds number ( Re ). Re is proportional to swimming speed ( v swim ) and body length; faster swimming reduces the relative effect of viscous forces. Compared with adults, larval fish experience relatively high (mainly viscous) drag during cyclic swimming. To enhance thrust to an equally high level, they must employ a high product of tail-beat frequency and (peak-to-peak) amplitude fA tail , resulting in a relatively high fA tail / v swim ratio (Strouhal number, St), and implying relatively high lateral momentum shedding and low propulsive efficiency. Using kinematic and inverse-dynamics analyses, we studied cyclic swimming of larval zebrafish aged 2–5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Larvae at 4–5 dpf reach higher f (95 Hz) and A tail (2.4 mm) than at 2 dpf (80 Hz, 1.8 mm), increasing swimming speed and Re , indicating increasing muscle powers. As Re increases (60 → 1400), St (2.5 → 0.72) decreases nonlinearly towards values of large swimmers (0.2–0.6), indicating increased propulsive efficiency with v swim and age. Swimming at high St is associated with high-amplitude body torques and rotations. Low propulsive efficiencies and large yawing amplitudes are unavoidable physical constraints for small undulatory swimmers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document