Reconstruction of Non-linear Path Analysis Accompanied by Measurement Models on Food Security Models in Indonesia Post-Covid19 Pandemic Based on Big Data

This study aims to map and model the determinants of food security. Mapping is done by cluster and biplot analysis, while modeling is done by non-linear path analysis. This research is mix-method research that combines quantitative and qualitative research. In the qualitative method, this study applies a qualitative Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) approach. Sources of DNA data come from various information in cyberspace (mass media, journals, articles, etc.) that are in accordance with the research context. In DNA data processing, statements, actors, concepts/issues, sentiments, along with the origin of the organization will be generated. As for the quantitative method, this study uses descriptive statistical analysis, biplot, cluster, and non-linear path analysis (square and cubic). The coefficient of determination for both quadratic and cubic path analysis is 0.88, which means that the influence of the independent variable simultaneously on the Y variable is 0.88, which is very strong. Thus, the model formed is quite good because the predictor variable is able to explain food security by 88% while the rest is explained by other factors outside the model. The originality of this research is the reconstruction of non-linear path analysis which is more flexible (no need for assumptions of normality and homogeneity) and is equipped with a measurement model.

A GNSS-based method to define athlete manoeuvrability in field-based team sports

This study presented a method of quantifying the manoeuvrability of two field-based team sport athletes and investigated its relationship with running velocity during competition. Across a season, 10 Hz Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) devices were worn during matches by 62 athletes (Australian Football League [AFL]; n = 36, 17 matches, National Rugby League [NRL]; n = 26, 21 matches). To quantify manoeuvrability, tortuosity was calculated from the X and Y coordinates from match GNSS files (converted from latitude and longitude). Tortuosity was calculated as 100 x natural logarithm of the chord distance (distance travelled between X and Y coordinates), divided by the straight-line distance. The maximal tortuosity was then quantified for each 0.5 m∙s-1 speed increment, ranging from 0 to the highest value for each game file. A quadratic model was fitted for each match file, controlling for the curvilinear relationship between tortuosity and velocity. A comparison of the quadratic coefficients between sports, and within sport between positions was investigated using linear mixed models. Resulting standard deviations (SDs) and mean differences were then assessed to establish standardized effect sizes (ES) and 90% confidence intervals (CI). A curvilinear relationship exists between maximal tortuosity and running speed, reflecting that as speed increases, athletes’ ability to deviate from a linear path is compromised (i.e., run in a more linear path). Compared to AFL, NRL had a greater negative quadratic coefficient (a) (ES = 0.70; 0.47 to 0.93) for the 5 second analysis, meaning that as speed increased, NRL athletes’ manoeuvrability reduced at a faster rate than when compared to AFL. There were no positional differences within each sport. GNSS derived information can be used to provide a measure of manoeuvrability tortuosity during NRL and AFL matches. The curvilinear relationship between tortuosity and speed demonstrated that as speed increased, manoeuvrability was compromised.

Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of Hyposaurus rogersii (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA

The paleohistology of dyrosaurids is known from a small sample, despite being common fossils and representing a rare lineage of crocodylomorphs that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. Their lifestyle has been inferred only from sections of the snout, vertebrae, partial femur, and tibia. To improve this, we conducted a skeletochronological and paleohistological study of midshaft cross-sections of both femora and humeri of a nearly complete Hyposaurus rogersii skeleton. We found lamellar-zonal bone that underwent remodeling, evidenced by resorption cavities and abundant secondary osteons within the primary periosteal cortex. The osteons, mostly longitudinally oriented and arranged in circular rows, often anastomose radially along a linear path, resembling radial rows. The medullary cavity is completely open, lacking trabeculae: endosteal deposition is limited to thin lamellae surrounding the cavity. Analysis of cyclical growth marks and the presence of an external fundamental system indicate the specimen was a fully mature adult 17–18 years of age. Comparison of the skeleton to others suggests sexual dimorphism and that it was female. The open medullary cavity, and no evidence for pachyosteosclerosis, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, or pachyostosis indicate H. rogersii was not a deep diver or a fast swimmer in the open ocean but a near-shore marine ambush predator.

Novel Cylindrical/Spherical Scanner Configuration for Reverse Engineering

Laser scanners are often used in geometric reverse engineering to generate a CAD drawing out of an existing physical part. This often requires careful path planning to ensure the correct stand-off distance of the sensor, to prevent any collisions of the sensor with the target object and to prevent any scan occlusions in the resulting data. A dedicated system was constructed to collect data using a 3-axis cylindrical/spherical device. The benefit of this scanning system is the ability to scan completely around the target object, including the bottom of the object. A stripe-type laser diode is used along with a CCD camera. The target object sits on a transparent plexiglass table, which can be rotated 360⁰. Both the laser and the CCD are mounted on an arm, such that they can be traversed along a linear path, as well as being rotated 360⁰ around the table. This permits the device to scan in either spherical or cylindrical paths with 360⁰ rotation around the target object. This system allows for the quick scanning of any object while minimizing the number of occlusions in the resulting scan data.

Novel Cylindrical/Spherical Scanner Configuration for Reverse Engineering

Laser scanners are often used in geometric reverse engineering to generate a CAD drawing out of an existing physical part. This often requires careful path planning to ensure the correct stand-off distance of the sensor, to prevent any collisions of the sensor with the target object and to prevent any scan occlusions in the resulting data. A dedicated system was constructed to collect data using a 3-axis cylindrical/spherical device. The benefit of this scanning system is the ability to scan completely around the target object, including the bottom of the object. A stripe-type laser diode is used along with a CCD camera. The target object sits on a transparent plexiglass table, which can be rotated 360⁰. Both the laser and the CCD are mounted on an arm, such that they can be traversed along a linear path, as well as being rotated 360⁰ around the table. This permits the device to scan in either spherical or cylindrical paths with 360⁰ rotation around the target object. This system allows for the quick scanning of any object while minimizing the number of occlusions in the resulting scan data.

Fractional Line Integral

This paper proposed a definition of the fractional line integral, generalising the concept of the fractional definite integral. The proposal replicated the properties of the classic definite integral, namely the fundamental theorem of integral calculus. It was based on the concept of the fractional anti-derivative used to generalise the Barrow formula. To define the fractional line integral, the Grünwald–Letnikov and Liouville directional derivatives were introduced and their properties described. The integral was defined for a piecewise linear path first and, from it, for any regular curve.