Key considerations for clinical trials of dietary interventions for primary prevention of allergy and asthma in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 730-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bright I. Nwaru ◽  
Suvi M. Virtanen ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Prevention Of Allergy ◽  
Allergy And Asthma

scholarly journals Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Pau Vancells Lujan ◽  
Esther Viñas Esmel ◽  
Emilio Sacanella Meseguer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

NAFLD is the world’s most common chronic liver disease, and its increasing prevalence parallels the global rise in diabetes and obesity. It is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver evolving to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory subtype that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment for NAFLD. Treatment is therefore based on lifestyle modifications including changes to diet and exercise, although it is unclear what the most effective form of intervention is. The aim of this review, then, is to discuss the role of specific nutrients and the effects of different dietary interventions on NAFLD. It is well established that an unhealthy diet rich in calories, sugars, and saturated fats and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, and micronutrients plays a critical role in the development and progression of this disease. However, few clinical trials have evaluated the effects of nutrition interventions on NAFLD. We, therefore, summarise what is currently known about the effects of macronutrients, foods, and dietary patterns on NAFLD prevention and treatment. Most current guidelines recommend low-calorie, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, as the most effective dietary pattern to treat NAFLD. More clinical trials are required, however, to identify the best evidence-based dietary treatment approach.

scholarly journals Patient-reported outcome measures for allergy and asthma in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneous N. Soyiri ◽  
Bright I. Nwaru ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Allergy And Asthma

ADCS Prevention Instrument Project: Development of a Brief Verbal Memory Test for Primary Prevention Clinical Trials

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. S139-S146 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Salmon ◽  
Jeffrey L. Cummings ◽  
Shelia Jin ◽  
Mary Sano ◽  
Reisa A. Sperling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Project Development

scholarly journals Assessing gaps in cholesterol treatment guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease based on available randomised clinical trial evidence: The Rotterdam Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pavlović ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
Jaap W Deckers ◽  
Maryam Kavousi ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Clinical Trial Evidence

Background The purpose of this study was to determine how American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 and European Society of Cardiology 2016 guidelines for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) compare in reflecting the totality of accrued randomised clinical trial evidence for statin treatment at population level. Methods From 1997–2008, 7279 participants aged 45–75 years, free of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. For each participant, we compared eligibility for each one of 11 randomised clinical trials on statin use in primary prevention of CVD, with recommendations on lipid-lowering therapy from the ACC/AHA and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence and cardiovascular disease mortality rates were calculated. Results The proportion of participants eligible for each trial ranged from 0.4% for ALLHAT-LLT to 30.8% for MEGA. The likelihood of being recommended for lipid-lowering treatment was lowest for those eligible for low-to-intermediate risk RCTs (HOPE-3, MEGA, and JUPITER), and highest for high-risk individuals with diabetes (MRC/BHF HPS, CARDS, and ASPEN) or elderly PROSPER. Eligibility for an increasing number of randomised clinical trials correlated with a greater likelihood of being recommended lipid-lowering treatment by either guideline ( p < 0.001 for both guidelines). Conclusion Compared to RCTs done in high risk populations, randomised clinical trials targeting low-to-intermediate risk populations are less well-reflected in the ACC/AHA, and even less so in the ESC guideline recommendations. Importantly, the low-to-intermediate risk population targeted by HOPE-3, the most recent randomised clinical trial in this field, is not well-captured by the current European prevention guidelines and should be specifically considered in future iterations of the guidelines.

Cutting the cord: is birth already too late for primary prevention of allergy?

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brown ◽  
Marilyn J. Halonen ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Allergy
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