dietary interventions
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Wehedy ◽  
Ibrahim F. Shatat ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.


2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Maleklou ◽  
Azadeh Hakakzadeh ◽  
Farzin Halabchi ◽  
Mastaneh Rajabian Tabesh ◽  
Zahra Alizadeh

Background: Obesity and overweight are among serious global epidemics that significantly threaten human health, especially among women. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concurrent effects of 6-week caffeine supplementation with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on weight and body fat among overweight women. Methods: Thirty overweight females (age: 36.47 ± 6.48 years; BMI: 27.61 ± 1.54 kg/m2; mean ± SD) with a sedentary lifestyle were recruited to the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group, EC (exercise + caffeine) group, who took 100 milligrams of caffeine of the “API” brand supplement 30 minutes before exercise training (n = 15) or control group, EP (exercise + placebo) (n = 15). All participants performed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with an intensity of 40 to 60% of heart rate reserve based on the individual's exercise test for 30 minutes, three days a week for six weeks. Measurements, including the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, and skinfold (suprailiac, abdominal), were done two times, at baseline and after six weeks of exercising. Results: There were no significant differences between control and experimental groups related to weight (P = 0.22), percentage body fat (P = 0.88), and other measurements after six weeks. Conclusions: 6 weeks of caffeine supplementation combined with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise without dietary interventions couldn’t make a significant reduction in weight and central or total body fat among overweight women.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Katsi ◽  
Ilias P. Papakonstantinou ◽  
Stergios Soulaidopoulos ◽  
Niki Katsiki ◽  
Konstantinos Tsioufis

In recent years, a healthy balanced diet together with weight reduction has risen to the forefront of minimizing the impact of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that metabolic processes present circadian rhythmicity. Moreover, the timing of food consumption exerts a powerful influence on circadian rhythms. In this context, the subject of chrononutrition, described as the alignment of timing of food intake to the rhythms imposed by the circadian clock, has attracted considerable interest for possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Current human studies suggest that chrononutrition-based dietary interventions could reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by improving weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. However, meta-analysis of randomized control trials in this topic present varying and somehow conflicting results. Even the traditional association of breakfast skipping with adverse cardiovascular outcomes is nowadays controversial. Therefore, long-term and fairly consistent studies on the effect of chrononutrition on cardiovascular outcomes are needed. The purpose of this review is to provide concise evidence of the most recent literature involving the effects of chrononutrition and the specific chrononutrition-based dietary interventions, in particular time-restricted eating, on body weight and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliott Arroyo ◽  
Ashley D. Troutman ◽  
Ranjani N. Moorthi ◽  
Keith G. Avin ◽  
Andrew R. Coggan ◽  
...  

Sarcopenia and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in older individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Declines in skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity can progress into impaired physical function and inability to perform activities of daily living. Physical function is highly associated with important clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, functional independence, quality of life, and mortality. While lifestyle modifications such as exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to prevent and reverse declines in physical function, the utility of these treatment strategies is limited by poor widespread adoption and adherence due to a wide variety of both perceived and actual barriers to exercise. Therefore, identifying novel treatment targets to manage physical function decline is critically important. Klotho, a remarkable protein with powerful anti-aging properties has recently been investigated for its role in musculoskeletal health and physical function. Klotho is involved in several key processes that regulate skeletal muscle function, such as muscle regeneration, mitochondrial biogenesis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This is particularly important for older adults and patients with CKD, which are known states of Klotho deficiency. Emerging data support the existence of Klotho-related benefits to exercise and for potential Klotho-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of sarcopenia and its progression to physical disability. However, significant gaps in our understanding of Klotho must first be overcome before we can consider its potential ergogenic benefits. These advances will be critical to establish the optimal approach to future Klotho-based interventional trials and to determine if Klotho can regulate physical dysfunction.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E Webster ◽  
Natasha A Harrington-Benton ◽  
Owen Judd ◽  
Diego Kaski ◽  
Otto R Maarsingh ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mark Cortnage ◽  
Andy Pringle

With shown reticence by men to engage with dietary interventions for weight loss, investigations that provide detail on men’s perceptions for the causes of weight gain and subsequent concerns over health and image are important. Such discoveries have potential to make a valuable contribution to male gendered programme design aimed at tackling weight gain and promoting good health. Connecting to men to health using their hobbies and interests, this study deployed semi-structured interviews of eight male participants (age > 35 years) enrolled on The Alpha Programme (TAP). TAP is a 12-week football and weight management intervention delivered in local community venues. Results captured men’s lived experiences and feelings of being overweight, their attempts at dietary modification, health and causes of weight gain. Results signify externalized attribution for weight gain, entrenched habitual intake practices, despondency related to weight stigmatization, self-objectification and low self-worth. Moreover, this study outlines the processes for capturing this information using a male friendly approach and setting. Outcomes have potential for shaping bespoke men’s weight management and health improvement interventions in the future.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel S. König ◽  
Werner C. Albrich ◽  
Christian R. Kahlert ◽  
Lina Samira Bahr ◽  
Ulrike Löber ◽  
...  

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a neglected, debilitating multi-systemic disease without diagnostic marker or therapy. Despite evidence for neurological, immunological, infectious, muscular and endocrine pathophysiological abnormalities, the etiology and a clear pathophysiology remains unclear. The gut microbiome gained much attention in the last decade with manifold implications in health and disease. Here we review the current state of knowledge on the interplay between ME/CFS and the microbiome, to identify potential diagnostic or interventional approaches, and propose areas where further research is needed. We iteratively selected and elaborated on key theories about a correlation between microbiome state and ME/CFS pathology, developing further hypotheses. Based on the literature we hypothesize that antibiotic use throughout life favours an intestinal microbiota composition which might be a risk factor for ME/CFS. Main proposed pathomechanisms include gut dysbiosis, altered gut-brain axis activity, increased gut permeability with concomitant bacterial translocation and reduced levels of short-chain-fatty acids, D-lactic acidosis, an abnormal tryptophan metabolism and low activity of the kynurenine pathway. We review options for microbiome manipulation in ME/CFS patients including probiotic and dietary interventions as well as fecal microbiota transplantations. Beyond increasing gut permeability and bacterial translocation, specific dysbiosis may modify fermentation products, affecting peripheral mitochondria. Considering the gut-brain axis we strongly suspect that the microbiome may contribute to neurocognitive impairments of ME/CFS patients. Further larger studies are needed, above all to clarify whether D-lactic acidosis and early-life antibiotic use may be part of ME/CFS etiology and what role changes in the tryptophan metabolism might play. An association between the gut microbiome and the disease ME/CFS is plausible. As causality remains unclear, we recommend longitudinal studies. Activity levels, bedridden hours and disease progression should be compared to antibiotic exposure, drug intakes and alterations in the composition of the microbiota. The therapeutic potential of fecal microbiota transfer and of targeted dietary interventions should be systematically evaluated.


EXPLORE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie J Hartman ◽  
Parks NE ◽  
Jackson-Tarlton CS ◽  
L Vacchi ◽  
R Merdad ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Connor A. Hernon ◽  
Abduallah Elsayed ◽  
Raphael M. Vicente ◽  
Ariane Zamarioli ◽  
Melissa A. Kacena ◽  
...  

This mini-review summarizes the available information regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) and/or intermittent fasting (IF) on bone health. CR and IF are dietary interventions used in rehabilitative healthcare for augmenting weight loss and also proposed for recovery of conditions such as stroke and heart failure. CR restricts the total number of calories rather than different food groups or periods of eating. In contrast, IF severely restricts caloric intake for a period of time followed by a period of ad libitum intake. Here, we discuss the available information regarding the impact of these rehabilitation diets on bone metabolism, highlighting areas of consistency and discrepancy and suggesting future areas of study to advance the understanding of CR and/or IF on bone health.


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