scholarly journals Stem and leaf xylem of angiosperm trees experiences minimal embolism in temperate forests during two consecutive summers with moderate drought

Plant Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Guan ◽  
J. Werner ◽  
K.‐F. Cao ◽  
L. Pereira ◽  
L. Kaack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Moderate Drought

scholarly journals Resilience of Resprouting Temperate Forests is Diminished by Coupled Severe Drought and Fire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Ryan Bendall ◽  
Michael Bedward ◽  
Matthias Boer ◽  
Hamish Clarke ◽  
Luke Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Abstract Elevated tree mortality and reduced recruitment of new trees linked to drought and fires has been reported across a range of forests over the last few decades. Forests that resprout new foliage epicormically from buds beneath the bark are considered highly resilient to disturbance, but are potentially at risk of elevated mortality, demographic shifts and changes to species composition due to synergistic effects of drought and fire. Despite this, the effects of drought-fire interactions on such forests remain largely unknown. We assessed the effects of drought severity and fire frequency on juvenile mortality, post-fire seedling recruitment and replacement of juvenile trees (balance of recruitment minus mortality) following fire. We compared dry ridgetop and wet gully assemblages across a temperate forest in southern Australia. Both forest types experienced higher rates of fire-induced juvenile mortality in areas that had experienced severe drought compared to moderate drought, though mortality rates were generally low across all drought and fire combinations. This result indicated that topographic position (i.e. wet gullies) did little to moderate juvenile mortality when exposed to severe drought plus fire. In wet forest, severe drought also reduced recruitment and replacement of dead juveniles by post-fire seedlings compared to moderate drought. In dry forest net-negative replacement increased with the severity of drought. Across both forest types, the total pool of juveniles was reduced under severe drought. Future increases in the frequency of coupled severe drought and fire will likely increase the susceptibility of resilient temperate forests to major changes in structure and function.

scholarly journals Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jia ◽  
Ke Mao ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xumei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Autophagic Activity

AbstractWater deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.

scholarly journals Root‐derived inputs are major contributors to soil carbon in temperate forests, but vary by mycorrhizal type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne B. Keller ◽  
Edward R. Brzostek ◽  
Matthew E. Craig ◽  
Joshua B. Fisher ◽  
Richard P. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Temperate Forests

scholarly journals Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)—Growth and Phytochemical Compound Secretion in Degraded Lands under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Botir Khaitov ◽  
Munisa Urmonova ◽  
Aziz Karimov ◽  
Botirjon Sulaymonov ◽  
Kholik Allanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Four Levels

Water deficiency restricts plant productivity, while excessive soil moisture may also have an adverse impact. In light of this background, field trials were conducted in secondary saline soil (EC 6.5 dS m−1) at the experimental station of Tashkent State Agrarian University (TSAU), Uzbekistan to determine drought tolerance of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) by exposure to four levels of water deficit, namely control (70–80%), moderate (50–60%), strong (30–40%) and intense (10–20%) relative water content (WC) in the soil. The moderate drought stress exhibited positive effects on the morphological and physiological parameters of licorice, and was considered to be the most suitable water regime for licorice cultivation. Plant growth under the 50–60% WC treatment was slightly higher as compared to 70–80% WC treatment, exhibiting weak water deficit promotes licorice growth, root yield and secondary metabolite production. In particular, secondary metabolites i.e., ash, glycyrrhizic acid, extractive compounds and flavonoids, tended to increase under moderate water deficit, however further drought intensification brought a sharp decline of these values. These results contribute to the development of licorice cultivation technologies in arid regions and the most important consideration is the restoration of ecological and economical functions of the dryland agricultural system.

Molecular identification of True Morels (Morchella spp.) from Hindukush temperate forests of Pakistan

Gene Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101125
Author(s):  
Shahab Ali ◽  
Amna Imran ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz ◽  
Abdul Nasir Khalid ◽  
Shujaul Mulk Khan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Temperate Forests

scholarly journals Do large herbivores maintain open habitats in temperate forests?

2021 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 119310
Author(s):  
Rafał Kowalczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kamiński ◽  
Tomasz Borowik
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Large Herbivores

scholarly journals Over half of western United States' most abundant tree species in decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Stanke ◽  
Andrew O. Finley ◽  
Grant M. Domke ◽  
Aaron S. Weed ◽  
David W. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Forest Composition

AbstractChanging forest disturbance regimes and climate are driving accelerated tree mortality across temperate forests. However, it remains unknown if elevated mortality has induced decline of tree populations and the ecological, economic, and social benefits they provide. Here, we develop a standardized forest demographic index and use it to quantify trends in tree population dynamics over the last two decades in the western United States. The rate and pattern of change we observe across species and tree size-distributions is alarming and often undesirable. We observe significant population decline in a majority of species examined, show decline was particularly severe, albeit size-dependent, among subalpine tree species, and provide evidence of widespread shifts in the size-structure of montane forests. Our findings offer a stark warning of changing forest composition and structure across the western US, and suggest that sustained anthropogenic and natural stress will likely result in broad-scale transformation of temperate forests globally.

scholarly journals Seeing the wood for the trees: Carbon storage and conservation in temperate forests of the Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 119010
Author(s):  
Inger Elisabeth Måren ◽  
Lila Nath Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Temperate Forests
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