scholarly journals Is the Carli index flawed?: assessing the case for the new retail price index RPIJ

2014 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Levell
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Retail Price

scholarly journals Demand Relations of Fresh Sweetpotato in the St. Louis and Chicago Markets

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-467
Author(s):  
Wesseh J. Wollo ◽  
Rufus Jones
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Analysis Technique

The impacts of unloaded quantity, disposable personal income, retail price index of fresh potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), and seasonal monthly variables on sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] price in the St. Louis and Chicago terminal markets were estimated using a regression analysis technique. These markets can absorb a modest increase in sweetpotato quantity without a decrease in wholesale price, but a significant increase in quantity would decrease wholesale price. Sweetpotato price is higher during October, November, and December than in September; therefore, producers must give attention to marketing sweetpotatoes during these months. Also, increased shipments of sweetpotatoes to these markets should not be considered in anticipation of an increase in disposable income.

Observed retail price of Australia’s market-leading cigarette brand before and up to 3 years after the implementation of plain packaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (e2) ◽  
pp. e86-e91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Egger ◽  
Suzan Burton ◽  
Rebecca Ireland ◽  
Scott C Walsberger
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cigarette Prices

ObjectiveDespite claims by tobacco companies that plain packaging would lead to lower cigarette prices, recommended and observed real cigarette prices in Australia rose in the 9–11 months after plain packaging was introduced. However, little is known about trends in prices longer term. In this report, we assess whether inflation (Consumer Price Index; CPI) and tax adjusted (‘CPI-tax-adjusted’) prices of the market-leading Australian cigarette brand changed in the 3-year period after plain packaging, and whether price changes were associated with retailer characteristics.MethodCigarette prices were ascertained from a panel of tobacco retailers at three time points: (1) in November 2012 (n=857) (before full implementation of plain packaging, compulsory in retail outlets from December 2012), (2) between October 2014 and February 2015 (n=789) and (3) between November 2015 and March 2016 (n=579). Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate percentage change in mean CPI/tax-adjusted cigarette prices over time.ResultsCPI/tax-adjusted adjusted mean stick prices rose by 13.7% (95% CI 13.0 to 16.0) and 15.2% (95% CI 14.3 to 16.0) at 2.1 and 3.1 years after plain packaging was introduced, respectively. Increases in mean CPI/tax-adjusted stick prices varied by outlet type (p<0.001), socioeconomic status (p=0.013) and remoteness of retailer’s area (p=0.028) and whether twin packs were sold (p=0.009).ConclusionsContrary to tobacco company predictions of a fall in prices, the price of the market-leading Australian cigarette brand increased significantly in the 3 years after plain packaging was introduced, and these increases were above the combined effects of inflation and increases in excise/customs duty.

scholarly journals Stringency of Movement Restrictions Linked With Higher Retail Food Prices but Not Overall Prices for All Consumer Goods During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Jessica Wallingford ◽  
William Masters
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
Stringency Level ◽  
Retail Food

Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 crisis has disrupted economies and health systems across the globe and has brought substantial challenges for food systems. Government responses key to minimizing disease spread have included a number of movement restriction policies (e.g., school closures, stay at home measures, etc.). Such policies have impacted food consumption and purchasing behaviours and have harmed much of the face-to-face type of labour required for food retailing, which in turn may have impacted the affordability of diets. We use evidence from 133 countries to investigate the association between stringency in movement restriction policies and retail price levels for food and other consumer goods. Methods We use the International Monetary Fund's monthly national consumer price index (CPI), and food and non-alcoholic beverage index (FCPI), as well as a ratio of FCPI to CPI—the food price index (FPI)—for 133 countries from January 2017 to November 2020. Data on stringency in movement restriction policies and COVID-19 cases and mortality per million were obtained from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, respectively. Fixed effects regression models were used to estimate the association between stringency of COVID-19 movement restrictions and monthly differences in 2020 retail price levels (from average 2017–2019 levels) of foods and other consumer goods, while controlling for pandemic severity in each country and month. Results Regression models yielded a positive and significant relationship between stringency level and FCPI level (coeff. = 1.24–1.91; 95% CIs: 0.25–2.79) or FPI level (coeff. = 1.24–2.14; 95% CIs: 0.60–2.53). Alternatively, stringency level was either negatively associated with CPI level (coeff. = −0.57; 95% CI: −1.06 – −0.07) or not significantly associated with CPI level. Conclusions Government response stringency in COVID-19 movement restriction policies is linked with higher retail food price levels. Governments could consider implementing these policies alongside other measures (e.g., food assistance) to mitigate negative spillovers into the domain of food security and nutrition. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and UKAid through the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office of the UK.

Retail and Consumer Prices: an Explanatory Note

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Explanatory Note

In this Review, as a response to comments from readers, we have replaced the consumer price index by the retail price index as a measure of annual price inflation in our Summary table of our forecast for the home economy. This note therefore sets out the differences between the two series in order to make the nature of the change clear.

Analysis and Research on Economic Management Statistics Based on SPSS

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 5157-5160
Author(s):  
Yun Peng Duan ◽  
Li Min Si ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Economic development is one of the targets of the whole human society. In macroeconomic theory, the developments of the economy are largely driven by consumption, investment, government purchases. In economic theory, we usually use to describe the development of economy, GDP and GDP will be affected by the price level. To measure the price level, we generally use the consumer price index, commodity retail price index to describe; Investment is usually measured with fixed asset investment and gross value of industrial output. In this article, through nearly 20 years in China's gross domestic product (GDP) and gross domestic product (GDP) of some important indicators, such as the residents' consumption level, the fiscal expenditure, gross value of industrial output and commodity retail price index, the consumer price index, urban residents' income, rural residents income, such as the total energy consumption data, using SPSS software to provide the descriptive analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and other methods of data carried on the thorough analysis, and analysis the problems reflected by some targeted Suggestions are given.

scholarly journals The effect of excise tax increases on cigarette prices in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Linegar ◽  
Corne van Walbeek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Cigarette Prices

IntroductionThe effectiveness of excise tax increases as a tool for reducing tobacco consumption depends largely on how the tax increases impact the retail price. We estimate this relationship in South Africa for 2001–2015.DataStatistics South Africa provided disaggregated cigarette price data, used in the calculation of the Consumers’ Price Index. Data on the excise tax per cigarette were obtained from Budget Reviews prepared by the National Treasury of South Africa.MethodsRegression equations were estimated for each month. The month-on-month change in cigarette prices in February through April was regressed against March’s excise tax change to estimate the pass-through coefficient. For the other 9 months, the month-on-month change in cigarette price was regressed against monthly dummy variables to determine the size of the non-tax-related price increase in each of these months. The analysis was performed in both nominal and real (inflation-adjusted) terms.FindingsExpressed in real terms, the excise tax was undershifted. A R1.00 (one rand) increase in the excise tax is associated with an increase in the retail price of cigarettes of R0.90 in the pre-2010 period, and R0.49 in the post-2010 period. In the pre-2010 period, the tobacco industry increased the retail price of cigarettes in July/August, independent of the excise tax increase. The discretionary July/August price increases largely disappeared after 2010, primarily because the market became more competitive.ConclusionThe degree of excise tax pass-through, and the magnitude of discretionary increases in cigarette prices, is significantly determined by the competitive environment in the cigarette market.

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