Reuse of voucher specimens provides insights into the genomic associations and taxonomic value of wing colour and genitalic differences in a pest group (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae:
            Choristoneura
            )

Butterflies are among nature's most colourful animals, and provide a living showcase for how extremely bright, chromatic and iridescent coloration can be generated by complex optical mechanisms. The gross characteristics of male butterfly colour patterns are understood to function for species and/or sex recognition, but it is not known whether female mate choice promotes visual exaggeration of this coloration. Here I show that females of the sexually dichromatic species Hypolimnas bolina prefer conspecific males that possess bright iridescent blue/ultraviolet dorsal ornamentation. In separate field and enclosure experiments, using both dramatic and graded wing colour manipulations, I demonstrate that a moderate qualitative reduction in signal brightness and chromaticity has the same consequences as removing the signal entirely. These findings validate a long-held hypothesis, and argue for the importance of intra- versus interspecific selection as the driving force behind the exaggeration of bright, iridescent butterfly colour patterns.

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Evolutionary genetics of dorsal wing colour in Colias butterflies

Journal of Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00736.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 752-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. Ellers ◽

C. L. Boggs

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Genetics ◽

Wing Colour

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Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5060 (3) ◽

pp. 429-438

Author(s):

PETR KMENT ◽

S. SALINI ◽

ZUBAIR AHMED

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

North Africa ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Female Genitalia ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Heteroptera Pentatomidae

We provide the first confirmed record of Halyomorpha picus (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Cappaeini) from Pakistan: Islamabad Capital Territory, and provide habitus photographs and electron scanning micrographs of the male genitalia of the voucher specimens. Two species previously described from Pakistan are found to fit within the morphological variability of H. picus and the following two junior subjective synonyms are proposed: Halyomorpha picus (Fabricius, 1794) = Halyomorpha punjabensis Ahmad & Kamaluddin, 1977, syn. nov., = Halyomorpha azhari Ahmad & Zaidi, 1989, syn. nov. The record of Halyomorpha scutellata Distant, 1879, from Pakistan by Sharif et al. (2020) is based on misidentification of a species of Neohalys Ahmad & Perveen, 1982 (Pentatominae: Halyini) and excluded from Pakistan fauna. Based on the analysis of female genitalia figures provided by Gadalla (2004), the record of H. picus from Egypt represents a misidentification of H. halys Stål, 1855, which extends the distribution of that invasive species to North Africa.

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The application of life history information to the conservation management of Chrysoritis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v47i1.75 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R.F. Terblanche ◽

H. Van Hamburg

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Life History ◽

Life Histories ◽

Host Plants ◽

Conservation Management ◽

Aesthetic Value ◽

Wing Patterns ◽

In The Wild ◽

History Of ◽

Voucher Specimens

Due to their intricate life histories and the unique wing patterns and colouring the butterflies of the genus Chrysoritis are of significant conservation and aesthetic value. Thisoverview probes into practical examples of butterfly life history research applicable to environmental management of this relatively well-known invertebrate group in South Africa. Despite the pioneer work on life histories of Chrysoritis in the past, more should be done to understand the life history of the butterflies in the wild, especially their natural host plants and the behaviour of adults and larvae. A system of voucher specimens of host plants should be introduced in South Africa. Although various host plant species in nature are used by the members of Chrysoritis, including the Chrysoritis chrysaor group, the choice of these in nature by each species is significant for conservation management and in the case of Chrysoritis aureus perhaps even as a specific characteristic.A revision of the ant genus Crematogaster will benefit the conservation management of Chrysoritis species since some of these ant species may consist of a number of specieswith much more restricted distributions than previously thought. Rigorous quantified tudies of population dynamics of Chrysoritis butterflies are absent and the introductionof such studies will benefit conservation management of these localised butterflies extensively.

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Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.384.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 384 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

MARÍA DEL CARMEN PEÑA CHOCARRO ◽

JUANA DE EGEA

Keyword(s):

Vascular Plants ◽

Primary Data ◽

Endemic Plants ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Herbarium Collections ◽

Endemic Flora

We present a list of endemic plants of Paraguay, which includes 374 taxa from 52 families and 162 genera based on the revision of primary data (herbarium collections). Synonyms, habit, distribution in Paraguay and all the voucher specimens seen or cited in recent bibliographies or in the consulted databases are provided for each taxon. A brief analysis of the diversity and importance of this endemic flora is presented. A list of excluded species, which were considered as endemics in previous publications, is also included.

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Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) and redescription of Ektaphelenchus obtusus (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), associates from nematangia on the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108786161517 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 925-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽

Yasmin J. Cardoza ◽

Weimin Ye ◽

Kenneth F. Raffa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽

Lateral Field ◽

The Past ◽

Female Tail ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Tail Tip

Abstract Two species of aphelench, Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. and Ektaphelenchus obtusus, were isolated from the 'nematangia', cocoon-like structures found at the base of the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis. The nematangia contained adult females of E. obtusus and the dauer juveniles of B. rufipennis n. sp. Only B. rufipennis n. sp. could be cultured on Monilinia fructicola on LGPDA (lactic acid-treated, glycerol-supplemented, potato dextrose agar). The new species of Bursaphelenchus is described and figured and some additional morphological characters are ascribed to E. obtusus, E. josephi, E. sandiaensis, E. smaelus (= E. prolobos) and E. terebranus after examination of type and/or voucher specimens. Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. has an adult body length of ca 500-1000 μm, medium a ratios (ca 25-38 for females and ca 30-40 for males), b ratios of ca 8-13 (female) and 7-11 (male), c ratios of ca 15-22 (female and male), c′ ratios of ca 3-4 (female) and ca 2-3 (male), and is characterised by three incisures in the lateral field, mitten-shaped spicules and a conical female tail that curves ventrally and possesses a variable tail tip. The new species is morphologically closest to B. corneolus, B. curvicaudatus, B. gerberae, B. paracorneolus and B. talonus. Morphological examination of type and/or voucher specimens of five Ektaphelenchus species revealed coarse transverse body annulation and three pairs of male caudal papillae (except for the two species where males are not described). Clear typological differences were observed among these five Ektaphelenchus species in the structure of the lip region, presence/absence of stylet knobs and male spicule morphology. Although these characters have not been consistently documented in the past, they may be diagnostic for species in the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on SSU and D2/D3 LSU sequences revealed that B. rufipennis n. sp. was closest to B. paracorneolus and that E. obtusus was closest to species of Ektaphelenchoides and a Cryptaphelenchus sp.

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Experimental studies on Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr.: chemical and microscopical investigations of the mycobiont and re-synthesis stages

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282906005895 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 577-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georg BRUNAUER ◽

Armin HAGER ◽

Wolf Dietrich KRAUTGARTNER ◽

Roman TÜRK ◽

Elfie STOCKER-WÖRGÖTTER

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Voucher Specimen ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Standard Culture ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Scanning Electron

Culture experiments that trigger the axenically grown mycobionts of Lecanora rupicola to produce the polyketide chemosyndrome typical of the naturally grown lichen are reported. This chemosyndrome comprises lecanoric, haematommic and orsellinic acids, sordidone, eugenitol and atranorin, all of which were hardly produced under standard culture conditions. The only exception was arthothelin that was only present in the voucher specimen. It has been shown that almost the complete acetyl-polymalonyl-pathway leading to depsides and chromones can be induced in culture, but apparently not the xanthones. The mycobiont was also successfully re-synthesized with its original photobiont, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope studies (SEM). Cultures of the resynthesised lichen biosynthesized additional satellite substances, which were not detected either in the voucher specimens or in the aposymbiontically (without the photobiont) grown mycobiont cultures. The identity of cultured mycobionts of L. rupicola was confirmed by comparing ITS-DNA-sequence data from the original lichen with publicly available (GeneBank) sequences of that species.

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CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ON NORTHERN GRASSES: II. TRIBE FESTUCEAE

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b60-012 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 117-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wray M. Bowden

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Somatic Chromosome ◽

Bromus Tectorum ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Lolium Rigidum ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Dactylis Glomerata L ◽

Somatic Chromosome Numbers

Chromosome numbers and voucher specimens are recorded for some collections of the tribe FESTUCEAE Dumort., mainly collected in Canada. The somatic chromosome numbers of the following are recorded: (1a) Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal var. arundinacea, 2n = 28, 2n = 29, and 2n = 30; (1b) Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal var. crassispica Bowden, 2n = 56; (1c) Arctagrostis latifolia (R.Br.) Griseb., 2n = 56. (2) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., 2n = 14. (3) Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv., two vars., 2n = 22. (4a) Bromus ciliatus L., 2n = 14; (4b) Bromus inermis Leyss., two subspecies and two vars., 2n = 56; (4e) Bromus kalmii A. Gray, 2n = 14; (4d) Bromus porteri (Coult.) Nash, 2n = 14; (4c) Bromus tectorum L., 2n = 14. (5) Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. var. laurentiana Fern., 2n = 20. (6) Dactylis glomerata L., 2n = 28. (7) Distichlisstricta (Torr.) Rydb., 2n = 40. (8a) Dupontiafisheri R.Br, subsp. fisheri, 2n = 132; (8b) Dupontia fisheri R.Br, subsp. psilosantha (Rupr.) Hultén, 2n = 44. (9) Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev., 2n = 28. (10a) Festuca altaica Trin., 2n = 28; (10b) Festuca baffinensis Polunin, 2n = 28; (10c) Festuca brachyphylla Schultes, 2n = 42 and one collection, 2n = 44; (10d) Festuca elatior L., 2n = 14; (10e) Festuca obtusa Bieler, 2n = 42; (10f) Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fern. var. lasiolepis Fern., 2n = 50; (10g) Festuca rubra L., 2n = 42; (10h) Festuca saximontana Rydb., 2n = 42; (10i)Festuca scabrella Torr. ex Hook., two vars., 2n = 56 and 2n = 28. (11a) Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder, 2n = 20; (11b) Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin., 2n = 60; (11c) Glyceria grandis S. Wats., 2n = 20; (11d) Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubb., 2n = 40; (11e) Glyceria pulchella (Nash) K. Schum., 2n = 20; (11f) Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc, 2n = 20; (11g) Glyceria × gatineauensis Bowden (G. melicaria × G. striata), 2n = 30; (11h)Glyceria × ottawensis Bowden (G. canadensis × G. striata), three nothomorphs, 2n = 42, 2n = 46, and 2n = 48. (12) Lolium rigidum Gaud., 2n = 14. (13a) Phippsiaalgida (Sol.) R.Br., 2n = 28; (13b) Phippsia concinna (Th. Fries) Lindeb., 2n = 28. (14) Pleuropogon sabinei R.Br., 2n = 42. (15) Schizachnepurpurascens (Torr.) Swallen, 2n = 20. (16) Torreyochloa fernaldii (Hitchc.) Church, 2n = 14.

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