Preparation, characterization and comparative toxicity of nanopermethrin against Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Ebrahimnejhad ◽  
Seyed Hassan Nikookar ◽  
Mahmoud Fazeli‐Dinan ◽  
Seyed Payman Ziapour ◽  
Ali Farmoudeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Comparative Toxicity

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus laterosporus

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2723-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita V. Orlova ◽  
Tatyana A. Smirnova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ganushkina ◽  
Victoria Y. Yacubovich ◽  
Roudolf R. Azizbekyan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Crystalline Inclusions ◽  
Bacillus Laterosporus

ABSTRACT The Bacillus laterosporus strains 921 and 615 were shown to have toxicity for larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex pipiens. The larvicidal activity of B. laterosporus was associated with spores and crystalline inclusions. Purified B. laterosporus 615 crystals were highly toxic for Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.

scholarly journals Comparison of the knockdown resistance locus (kdr) in Anopheles stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s.l. suggests differing mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in east Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar E. Carter ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie ◽  
Shantoy Hansel ◽  
Lambodhar Damodaran ◽  
Callum Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Knockdown Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Vector Species

AbstractThe malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, which is typically restricted to South Asia and the Middle East, was recently detected in the Horn of Africa. Controlling the spread of this vector could involve integrated vector control that considers the status of insecticide resistance of multiple vector species in the region. Previous reports indicate that the knockdown resistance mutations (kdr) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) are absent in both pyrethroid resistant and sensitive variants of An. stephensi in east Ethiopia but similar information on other vector species in the same areas is limited. In this study, kdr and the neighboring intron was analyzed in An. stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s. l. collected in east Ethiopia between 2016 and 2017. Sequence analysis revealed that all of Cx. pipiens s.l. (n = 42) and 71.6% of the An. arabiensis (n=67) carried kdr L1014F known to confer target-site pyrethroid resistance. Intronic variation was only observed in An. stephensi (segregating sites = 6, haplotypes = 3) previously shown to have no kdr mutations. In addition, no evidence of non-neutral evolutionary processes was detected at the An. stephensi kdr intron which further supports target-site mechanism not being a major resistance mechanism in this An. stephensi population. Overall, these results suggest differences in evolved mechanisms of pyrethroid/DDT resistance in populations of vector species from the same region. Variation in insecticide resistance mechanisms in East Ethiopian mosquito vectors highlight possible species or population specific biological factors and distinct environmental exposures that shape their evolution.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effectiveness of Adult Mosquito Sampling Methods Dealing With Odor-Baited Resting Box Traps in A Malaria-Endemic Area in Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hassan Moosa Kazemi ◽  
Yousef Salari ◽  
Nariman Shahosseini ◽  
Sajad Fekri ◽  
Ahmad Raeisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Endemic Area ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Anopheles Fluviatilis ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Abstract Background Iran is under threat of a potential outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Zika. The study aimed to determine the efficiency and sustainability of some adult mosquito sampling methods for designing effective entomological surveillance systems in a malaria endemic area. Methods Different rates of tap water, sugar, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were mixed to provide CO2. Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens Bandar Abbas strains were reared in the insectary and used for tests. On a lab scale, CO2 orientation experiments were performed using a Y-tube olfactometer on the insectary mosquito strains. In the field trial, human landing catches (HLC), artificial pit shelter (APS), CO2-baited trap (CO2-BT), human and cow odor baited resting boxes (HOBT, COBT), cow urine baited trap (CUBT), and colored un-baited box (UB) were studied in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, south of Iran. Mean densities of An. stephensi and Cx. pipiens insectary strains, which oriented to CO2 as flowrate of 170, and 300 mL/minute was significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The black un-baited inbox resting traps significantly more collected wild mosquito species compared to others colored UB (P ˂ 0.05). Results A total of 2722 collected mosquitoes comprises Culex pipiens (48.56%), Anopheles fluviatilis s.l.(14.21%), An. stephensi (11.68%), Cx. theileri (9.95%), Aedes caspius (7.01%), An. dthali (6.79%) An. culicifacies s.l., An. pulcherrimus, An. sergentii,An. superpictus s.l., Cx. sitiens and, Ae.caspius less than 1%. Anopheles stephensi and, An.sergenti were most collected in CUBT. Anopheles fluviatilis s.l. and Ae. caspius were most found in HLC. Anopheles dthali, Cx. pipiens and, Cx. theileri were most abundant in APS. Conclusions Black CUBT and APS methods can be suggested as a perfect sampling strategy for malaria vectors surveillance. APS, and HLC methods were found useful to entomological surveillance systems for arboviral and filarial vector-borne diseases. Further modified sampling methods should be devoted to identify more effective sampling methods.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effectiveness of Adult Mosquito Sampling Methods Dealing With Odor-baited Resting Box Traps in a Malaria-endemic Area in Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hassan Moosa Kazemi ◽  
Yousef Salari ◽  
Nariman Shahosseini ◽  
Sajad Fekri ◽  
Ahmad Raeisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Malaria Endemic Area ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Anopheles Fluviatilis ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Abstract BackgroundIran is under threat of a potential outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Zika. The study aimed to determine the efficiency and sustainability of some adult mosquito sampling methods for designing effective entomological surveillance systems in a malaria endemic area.MethodsDifferent rates of tap water, sugar, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were mixed to provide CO2. Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens Bandar Abbas strains were reared in the insectary and used for tests. On a lab scale, CO2 orientation experiments were performed using a Y-tube olfactometer on the insectary mosquito strains. In the field trial, human landing catches (HLC), artificial pit shelter (APS), CO2-baited trap (CO2-BT), human and cow odor baited resting boxes (HOBT, COBT), cow urine baited trap (CUBT), and colored un-baited box (UB) were studied in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, south of Iran. Mean densities of An. stephensi and Cx. pipiens insectary strains, which oriented to CO2 as flowrate of 170, and 300 mL/minute was significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The black un-baited inbox resting traps significantly more collected wild mosquito species compared to others colored UB (P ˂ 0.05). ResultsA total of 2722 collected mosquitoes comprises Culex pipiens (48.56%), Anopheles fluviatilis s.l.(14.21%), An. stephensi (11.68%), Cx. theileri (9.95%), Aedes caspius (7.01%), An. dthali (6.79%) An. culicifacies s.l. , An. pulcherrimus, An. sergentii,An. superpictus s.l., Cx. sitiens and, Ae.caspius less than 1%. Anopheles stephensi and, An.sergenti were most collected in CUBT. Anopheles fluviatilis s.l. and Ae. caspius were most found in HLC. Anopheles dthali, Cx. pipiens and, Cx. theileri were most abundant in APS. ConclusionsBlack CUBT and APS methods can be suggested as a perfect sampling strategy for malaria vectors surveillance. APS, and HLC methods were found useful to entomological surveillance systems for arboviral and filarial vector-borne diseases. Further modified sampling methods should be devoted to identify more effective sampling methods.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Knockdown Resistance Locus (kdr) in Anopheles stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s.l. for Insight Into the Evolution of Target-site Pyrethroid Resistance in Eastern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar E. Carter ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie ◽  
Shantoy Hansel ◽  
Lambodhar Damodaran ◽  
Callum Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Knockdown Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Integrated Vector Control

The malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, which is typically restricted to South Asia and the Middle East, was recently detected in the Horn of Africa. Addressing the spread of this vector could involve integrated vector control that considers the status of insecticide resistance of multiple vector species in the region. Previous reports indicate that the knockdown resistance mutations (kdr) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) are absent in both pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-sensitive An. stephensi in eastern Ethiopia; however, similar information about other vector species in the same areas is limited. In this study, kdr and the neighboring intron were analyzed in An. stephensi, An. arabiensis, and Culex pipiens s.l. collected between 2016 and 2017 to determine the evolutionary history of kdr in eastern Ethiopia. A sequence analysis revealed that all of Cx. pipiens s.l. (N = 42) and 71.6% of the An. arabiensis (N = 67) carried kdr L1014F, which is known to confer target-site pyrethroid resistance. Intronic variation was only observed in An. stephensi (six segregating sites, three haplotypes), which was previously shown to have no kdr mutations. In addition, no evidence of non-neutral evolutionary processes was detected at the An. stephensi kdr intron, thereby further supporting the target-site mechanism not being a major resistance mechanism in this An. stephensi population. Overall, these results show key differences in the evolution of target-site pyrethroid/dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane resistance mutations in populations of vector species from the same region. Variations in insecticide resistance mechanism profiles between eastern Ethiopian mosquito vectors may lead to different responses to insecticides used in integrated vector control.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition and Larvicidal Evaluation of Platycladus orientalis against Two Mosquito Vectors, Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi ◽  
Sahereh Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abai ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Control School ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Medical Entomology ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Vector Management

Background: Natural plant products as larvicides could be considered as desirable alternatives to synthetic chemi­cal insecticides for vector management. This study was undertaken to assess the mosquito larvicide activity of the essential oil from fresh leaves of Platycladus orientalis against two medically important species of mosquito vec­tors. Methods: Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed with gas chromatography and mass spec­trometry (GC-MS). Fresh leaves of P. orientalis tree (500g) were collected in June 2014 from Tehran, Iran and was authenticated at the Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran Uni­versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In addition, the larvicidal potential of oil was evaluated against late-3rd or young-4th instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens under laboratory condition. The mortality counts were made after 24h and LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Results: Forty-six components in leaves of P. orientalis were identified. The major components were α-Pinene (20.17%), 3-Carene (14%) and Cedrol (9.51%). The LC50 values against An. stephensi and Cx. pipiens larvae were 11.67ppm and 18.60ppm after 24h, respectively. Conclusion: Platycladus orientalis oil could be considered as a natural larvicide for mosquito larval control.   Keywords: Anopheles stephensi, Culex pipiens, Platycladus orientalis, Essential oil, Larvicide

Hormonal Control of Ovary Development in Mosquitoes

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. CLEMENTS
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Form Molestus

A study was made of ovary development in Culex pipiens form molestus Forskål, an autogenous mosquito not needing food in the adult stage to develop its eggs, and in C. pipiens pipiens L. and other anautogenous mosquitoes which require blood for ovary development. Comparison of the reserves of fully grown larvae of the autogenous and anautogenous forms of C. pipiens showed that the autogenous form had a rather larger fat body, but that the anautogenous form contained sufficient protein reserves to develop a number of eggs. It was considered that autogeny did not depend solely upon the ability to amass extensive reserves but also upon some other physiological mechanism. Decapitation and ligation at the base of the abdomen prevented ovary development in C. pipiens form molestus when performed within a few hours of emergence, but when performed 7 or more hours after emergence it often failed to prevent ovary development. It is suggested that a gonadotrophic hormone is secreted during this time. Ligation of the abdomen within an hour of feeding on blood appeared to prevent ovary development in Anopheles stephensi Liston. Ovary development occurred in a small proportion of females ligated 2 or more hours after feeding, and this proportion increased with time. Ligation of the abdomen immediately after blood feeding failed to prevent ovary development in Culex pipiens form berbericus Roubaud, Aëdes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus van Thiel, even in some cases where the ligature was tied within 2-3 min. of the start of feeding.

The activity of some pyrethroids, DDT and lindane in smoke from coils for biting inhibition, knockdown and kill of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Culex Pipiens Fatigans ◽  
Relative Potencies

AbstractThe action of smoke from smouldering mosquito coils against Aedes aegypti(L.), Anopheles stephensi List. and Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. was studied. Smokes from lindane or DDT coils did not inhibit biting of guinea-pigs by Ae. aegypti or A. stephensi nor did they cause knockdown. The pyrethroids (allethrin, pyrethrins, bioallethrin and S-bioallethrin in that order) were increasingly effective in knocking down and killing C. p. fatigans and Ae. aegypti, and their bite-inhibiting activity on Ae. aegypti and A. stephensi increased in the same sequence. Pyrethrins were inferior to allethrin for knockdown of A. stephensi. Smoke from a bioallethrin coil inhibited Ae. aegypti from probing and taking blood from man. Tests in a cylinder of 0·034 m3 and a room of 25 m3 suggested approximate relative potencies of 1:2:4 for allethrin, bioallethrin and S-bioallethrin, the bite-inhibitory and knockdown actions being closely associated. Use of gauze-ended test cages reduced the range of relative potencies. The discussion suggests that the sequence of effects exerted by smoke on a mosquito entering a room is deterrency, expellency, interference with host finding, bite inhibition, knockdown and, eventually, death.

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