With the liberalization of Indian hydrocarbon sector, the various organizations that comprise this sector face the challenge of becoming globally competitive. This chapter elaborates the concept of innovation system, that is, the formal or informal linkages between the policy makers, industry, academic and research institutions, etc. and its relevance for organizational effectiveness. Using creative and visual thinking tools, authors explore the reasons for the fragmentation of innovation system of Oil India Limited (OIL), a national oil company operating mainly in the northeast India. This fragmentation is evident from several issues such as stagnating oil production, technological obsolescence, continued impact of natural calamities and conflicts in the region and prolonged dependence on central government funding. The authors suggest a high impact solution consisting of policy-making directed at promoting entrepreneurship, strengthening the innovation system through improved stakeholder communication and prioritizing the science and technology investments to address the regional problems.