scholarly journals Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: estimating disease risk in Australian blood donors travelling overseas

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coghlan ◽  
V. C. Hoad ◽  
C. R. Seed ◽  
R. LP. Flower ◽  
R. J. Harley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

scholarly journals The accelerated infectious disease risk in the Anthropocene: more outbreaks and wider global spread

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Morand ◽  
Bruno A. Walther
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Networks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Human Infectious Disease

The greatly accelerated economic growth during the Anthropocene has resulted in astonishing improvements in many aspects of human well-being, but has also caused the acceleration of risks, such as the interlinked biodiversity and climate crisis. Here, we report on another risk: the accelerated infectious disease risk associated with the number and geographic spread of human infectious disease outbreaks. Using the most complete, reliable, and up-to-date database on human infectious disease outbreaks (GIDEON), we show that the number of disease outbreaks, the number of diseases involved in these outbreaks, and the number of countries affected have increased during the entire Anthropocene. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of these outbreaks is becoming more globalized in the sense that the overall modularity of the disease networks across the globe has decreased, meaning disease outbreaks have become increasingly pandemic in their nature. This decrease in modularity is correlated with the increase in air traffic. We finally show that those countries and regions which are most central within these disease networks tend to be countries with higher GDPs. Therefore, one cost of increased global mobility and greater economic growth is the increased risk of disease outbreaks and their faster and wider spread. We briefly discuss three different scenarios which decision-makers might follow in light of our results.

Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Global Oil and Gas Workplaces

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malick Diara ◽  
Susan Ngunjiri ◽  
Amanda Brown Maruziak ◽  
Affiong Ben Edet ◽  
Rob Plenderleith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Transmission network of the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (112) ◽  
pp. 20150536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Yang ◽  
Wenyi Zhang ◽  
David Kargbo ◽  
Ruifu Yang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Observational Errors

Understanding the growth and spatial expansion of (re)emerging infectious disease outbreaks, such as Ebola and avian influenza, is critical for the effective planning of control measures; however, such efforts are often compromised by data insufficiencies and observational errors. Here, we develop a spatial–temporal inference methodology using a modified network model in conjunction with the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter, a Bayesian inference method equipped to handle observational errors. The combined method is capable of revealing the spatial–temporal progression of infectious disease, while requiring only limited, readily compiled data. We use this method to reconstruct the transmission network of the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone and identify source and sink regions. Our inference suggests that, in Sierra Leone, transmission within the network introduced Ebola to neighbouring districts and initiated self-sustaining local epidemics; two of the more populous and connected districts, Kenema and Port Loko, facilitated two independent transmission pathways. Epidemic intensity differed by district, was highly correlated with population size ( r = 0.76, p = 0.0015) and a critical window of opportunity for containing local Ebola epidemics at the source ( ca one month) existed. This novel methodology can be used to help identify and contain the spatial expansion of future (re)emerging infectious disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Optimal and worst examination strategies for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Onishi ◽  
Naoki Honda ◽  
Yasunobu Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The People ◽  
Discrete Populations ◽  
Close Contacts

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging threat to the whole world, and every government is seeking an optimal solution. However, none of them have succeeded, and they have only provided series of natural experiments. Although simulation studies seem to be helpful, there is no model that addresses the how much testing to be conducted to minimise the emerging infectious disease outbreaks. In this study, we develop a testing susceptible, infectious, exposed, recovered, and dead (testing-SEIRD) model using two discrete populations inside and outside hospitals. The populations that tested positive were isolated. Through the simulations, we examined the infectious spread represented by the number of cumulative deaths, hospitalisations, and positive tests, depending on examination strategies, testing characteristics, and hospitalisation capacity. We found all-or-none responses of either expansion or extinction of the infectious spreads, depending on the rates of follow-up and mass testing, which represent testing the people identified as close contacts with infected patients using follow-up surveys and people with symptoms, respectively. We also demonstrated that there were optimal and worst examination strategies, which were determined by the total resources and testing costs. The testing-SEIRD model is useful in making decisions on examination strategies for the emerging infectious disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Risk After the Great East Japan Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Mimura ◽  
◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
Hitoshi Oshitani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Infectious disease outbreaks in postdisaster settings provide significant social impact although those outbreaks do not always occur. It is important to assess the potential risks of infectious disease in each setting. The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred March 11, 2011, imposed a huge impact on public health services. After the earthquake and following tsunami, many evacuation centers were sites of crowding as well as poor sanitation conditions because of the large- scale of destruction. Some shelters became sites of infectious disease outbreaks such as influenza and norovirus enteritis, although the size of these outbreaks was quite localized. Improvements in the response to infectious diseases through lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake are expected to be the triggers for improving preparedness for public health emergencies.

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