The influence of the soil management systems on aboveground and seed bank weed communities in olive orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Carpio ◽  
Ángel Lora ◽  
Enriqueta Martín‐Consuegra ◽  
Rafael Sánchez‐Cuesta ◽  
Francisco S. Tortosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

scholarly journals Soil seed bank of plant species as a function of long-term soil management and sampled depth

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Concenço ◽  
J.C Salton ◽  
R.C Brevilieri ◽  
P.B Mendes ◽  
M.L Secretti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage System

This study aimed at assessing the level of weed infestation indifferent areas that were submitted to different soil management for 16 years. Four management systems were studied: (1) agriculture only under conventional tillage system; (2) agriculture only under no-till system; (3) crop-livestock integrationcrop-livestock integration; (4) livestock only. These areas were sampled at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm), and soil was stored in plastic pots and taken to a greenhouse, where soil moisture and weight were standardized. Soil was kept near 70% moisture field capacity, being revolved every 20 days when all seedling emerged from soil were counted, identified and collected for dry mass assessment. The soil coverage by weeds, number of weed seedlings and dry mass of the weedy community were assessed. A phytoecological analysis was conducted. Weed composition is differentdifferent among management systems after 16 years. Areas with livestock showed much smaller number of weed species in comparison to systems where only grain crops are grown. The presence of livestock affects the potential of germination of soil seed bank. Agriculture systems are similar in terms of weed composition along soil profile, while systems involving livestock show little relation in what regards such sampled depths. Conservationist models of land exploration contribute to reduce severity of weed species occurrence in the long term.

Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Steven B. Mirsky ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Rita Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

Community assembly theory provides a useful framework to assess the response of weed communities to agricultural management systems and to improve the predictive power of weed science. Under this framework, weed community assembly is constrained by abiotic and biotic “filters” that act on species traits to determine community composition. We used an assembly approach to investigate the response of weed seed banks to 25 yr of management-related filtering in three different row-crop management systems in southeastern Pennsylvania: organic manure-based, organic legume-based, and conventional. Weed seed banks were sampled in April of 2005 and 2006 and quantified by direct germination in a greenhouse. We also assessed the filtering effects of weed management practices and relationships between assembled seed bank and emergent weed communities by allowing or excluding weed control practices within each management system and measuring emergent weed community response. Germinable weed seed bank densities and species richness in the final year of the study were over 40% and 15% higher, respectively, in the organic systems relative to the conventional system. Seed bank community structure in the organic systems was different from the conventional system, and the relationships between assembled seed banks and the emergent flora varied. Primary tillage, weed control, timing of planting, and fertility management appeared to be the main filters that differentiated weed seed banks in the three systems. Weed life history, emergence periodicity, seed size, and responsiveness to soil fertility and hydrology appeared to be the most important functional traits determining how weed species responded to management-related filters. Our results suggest that management systems can exert strong filtering effects that can persist over relatively long (greater than one growing season) time scales. Legacy effects of community-level filtering might be more important than previously assumed, and should be incorporated into predictive models of weed community assembly.

Corn rhizosphere microbial community in different long term soil management systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 104339
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo ◽  
Dany Mesa ◽  
Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

scholarly journals Nutrient losses by water erosion

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Eloy Lemos Mello ◽  
Jean Cláudio Guadagnin ◽  
Almir Luis Vedana Zaparolli ◽  
Marcos Roberto Carrafa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Water erosion causes soil degradation, which is closely related to nutrient losses either in, the soluble form or adsorbed to soil particles, depending mainly on the adopted soil management system. This study was carried out in São José do Cerrito, SC, Brazil, between March 2000 and June 2001. The objective was to quantify available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium losses in water erosion obtained with simulated rainfall in the following soil management systems: conventional tillage with no-crop (bare soil) (BS), conventional tillage with soybean (CT), reduced tillage with soybean (RT), no tillage with soybean on a desiccated and burned natural pasture (DBNP), and no tillage with soybean on a desiccated natural pasture (DNP). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to perform three rainfall tests with constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and sufficient duration to reach constant runoff rate, on a clayey-loam, well-structured Typic Hapludox, with an average slope of 0.18 m m-1. The first test was carried out five days before soybean emergence and the second and third at 30 and 60 days, respectively. The nutrient concentration in water and total losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher under CT than in the other soil management systems.

Olive orchard microbiome: characterisation of bacterial communities in soil-plant compartments and their comparison between sustainable and conventional soil management systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 597-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Fausto ◽  
Alba N. Mininni ◽  
Adriano Sofo ◽  
Carmine Crecchio ◽  
Marina Scagliola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Olive Orchard

Effect of soil management, pH, and fertilizers on Packham's Triumph and Josephine de Malines pears

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
A Selimi ◽  
JC Keatley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Bare Surface ◽  
Tree Vigour ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Similar Yield

The effects of soil management, liming (soil pH), and fertilizers on Packham's Triumph and Josephine de Malines pears under irrigation conditions were studied. The management systems were cultivation, straw mulch, bare surface, and white clover sward. The fertilizers were phosphorus and nitrogen (on straw mulch only), potash and nitrogen (on bare surface only), nitrogen on clover sward only, and calcium as agricultural lime and nitrogen (on cultivation only). Treatment effects were expressed as yield or vigour differences between pre-trial and post-trial periods. Packham's gave similar yield of fruit whether on cultivation or straw mulch. The yield from clover sward and bare surface was much lower than from straw mulch trees. Tree vigour was best under straw mulch and similar within the other treatments. For Josephine, all treatments yielded equally, but tree vigour was best under straw mulch plots. Packham's under bare surface and receiving the highest dressing of potassium sulphate yielded better than the unfertilized trees. Josephine under straw mulch and receiving the highest dressing of superphosphate yielded better than unfertilized trees. Under clover sward, Packham's receiving no artificial nitrogen had lower yield than those receiving standard dressing of nitrogen (0.7 metric tons per hectare of ammonium sulphate). Under these conditions, there were no differences in the yield of Josephines, whether they had artificial nitrogen or not. Packham's under cultivation had similar yield at pH 5.0, 6.5, or 7.5. Josephines, however, yielded much better at pH 6.5 and 7.5 than at pH 5.0.

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