scholarly journals Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short‐toed Lark ( Alaudala rufescens ) — Sand Lark ( A. raytal ) species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ghorbani ◽  
Mansour Aliabadian ◽  
Ruiying Zhang ◽  
Martin Irestedt ◽  
Yan Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cryptic Diversity

The enigmatic groundwater amphipod Awacaris kawasawai revisited: synonymisation of the genus Sternomoera, with molecular phylogenetic analyses of Awacaris and Sternomoera species (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Pontogeneiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Tomikawa ◽  
Masaki Kyono ◽  
Keiko Kuribayashi ◽  
Takafumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Kochi Prefecture

Amphipod crustaceans are dominant in subterranean habitats, and members of eight genera are endemic to groundwater environments in the Japanese Archipelago. The taxonomic status of two of these genera remains unclear, because their original descriptions were incomplete. The descriptions of the enigmatic subterranean monotypic genus Awacaris and its type species, A. kawasawai Uéno, 1971, are revisited here. Awacaris kawasawai was originally described based on specimens from a subterranean stream at Himise Cave, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. Recently, a new population of A. kawasawai was found at Saruta Cave, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku. Detailed observation of the newly collected specimens reveals the presence of sternal gills, which is the diagnostic character of the pontogeneiid genus Sternomoera, making the validity of Sternomoera open to question. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I markers demonstrate that A. kawasawai forms a well-supported clade with the subterranean S. morinoi Tomikawa and Ishimaru, 2014. In addition, phylogenetic analysis reveals cryptic diversity in epigean species of Sternomoera. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that catadromous Sternomoera species have evolved from freshwater ancestors. Based on our morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Awacaris and Sternomoera species, it is concluded here that Sternomoera should be treated as a subjective junior synonym of Awacaris.

scholarly journals Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) is a species complex that conceals large phenotypic variation and a previously unrecognized genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-209
Author(s):  
Yutaro Oku ◽  
Kenji Iwao ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema ◽  
Naoko Dewa ◽  
Hiroyuki Tachikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of scleractinian corals have resulted in the discovery of cryptic lineages. To understand species diversity in corals, these lineages need to be taxonomically defined. In the present study, we report the discovery of a distinct lineage obscured by the traditional morphological variation of Fungia fungites. This taxon exists as two distinct morphs: attached and unattached. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers as well as morphological comparisons were performed to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions. Molecular data revealed that F. fungites consists of two genetically distinct clades (A and B). Clade A is sister to a lineage including Danafungia scruposa and Halomitra pileus, while clade B formed an independent lineage genetically distant from these three species. The two morphs were also found to be included in both clades, although the attached morph was predominantly found in clade A. Morphologically, both clades were statistically different in density of septal dentation, septal number, and septal teeth shape. These results indicate that F. fungites as presently recognized is actually a species complex including at least two species. After checking type specimens, we conclude that specimens in clade A represent true F. fungites with two morphs (unattached and attached) and that all of those in clade B represent an unknown species and genus comprising an unattached morph with only one exception. These findings suggest that more unrecognized taxa with hitherto unnoticed morphological differences can be present among scleractinian corals.

scholarly journals Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3277 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN L. POWERS ◽  
BERNARD R. KUHAJDA ◽  
SARAH E. AHLBRAND
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Cumberland River

We examined geographic variation within the Ashy Darter, Etheostoma cinereum, of the mitochondrially enconded cyto-chrome b gene (cyt b) and nuclear recombination activation gene 1 (RAG1) as well as pigmentation, 6 meristic variables,and 20 morphometric variables for patterns indicative of speciation within the complex. Four geographically disjunct en-tities were identified by at least one of the datasets corresponding to the Cumberland, Duck, Elk, and upper Tennesseeriver systems. Monophyly of cyt b and RAG1 sequences, modal meristic differences, moderate morphometric divergence,and unique pigmentation in specimens from the Cumberland River suggest this entity represents an evolutionary speciesunder many different species concepts and is described herein as Etheostoma maydeni. Other populations exhibit varyingdegrees of divergence in the different datasets and have conflicting relationships in phylogenetic analyses using cyt b andRAG1 sequences, leaving the evolutionary history and taxonomic status of the Duck, Elk and upper Tennessee populations unclear.

scholarly journals Species Delineation Within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Complex Revealed by Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian F Gomez ◽  
James Skelton ◽  
M Sedonia Steininger ◽  
Richard Stouthamer ◽  
Paul Rugman-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
C Subunit

Abstract The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff sensu lato is a complex of genetically divergent emerging pests responsible for damages to tree industries and ecosystems around the world. All lineages within the species complex are currently considered morphologically identical, presenting problems for their delineation and highlighting the shortcomings of species concepts based solely on type-specimen morphology. The objectives of this work were to 1) broaden the geographic sampling of the E. fornicatus complex in Asia, 2) reconstruct relationships between clades and populations, 3) find morphological characters or combinations of characters which are useful in delimiting the genetic lineages of the E. fornicatus species complex, and 4) propose taxonomic delimitation of species where morphology and phylogenetic identity correlate. Our integrated approach using molecular and morphological evidence suggests four clades that differ morphologically, but with overlap, therefore, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) barcoding remains necessary for assigning specimens to a clade. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: E. fornicatus (Eichhoff 1868) (= ‘Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade a’); E. fornicatior (Eggers 1923), stat. rev. (= ‘Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade b’); E. whitfordiodendrus (Schedl 1942), stat. rev. (= ‘Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer’); and E. kuroshio Gomez and Hulcr, sp. nov. (= ‘Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer’). This approach delivers a practical, evidence-based guidance for species delineation that can address overlapping variation in morphological characters of an emerging pest species complex.

Cryptic diversity and species boundaries within the Paragalago zanzibaricus species complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 106887
Author(s):  
Luca Pozzi ◽  
Anna Penna ◽  
Simon K. Bearder ◽  
Johan Karlsson ◽  
Andrew Perkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Cryptic Diversity

New Approach to an Old Problem: Incorporating Signal from Gap-Rich Regions of ITS and rDNA Large Subunit into Phylogenetic Analyses to Resolve the Peltigera canina Species Complex

Mycologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Miadlikowska ◽  
Francois Lutzoni ◽  
Trevor Goward ◽  
Stefan Zoller ◽  
David Posada
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Peltigera Canina

scholarly journals Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Freshly Harvested Rice in Jiangsu Province (China)

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143
Author(s):  
Fei Dong ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Jian Hong Xu ◽  
Jian Rong Shi ◽  
Yin-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Major Pathogens

Members of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) are the major pathogens that cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals worldwide. Symptoms of FHB on rice, including dark staining or browning of rice glumes, were recently observed in Jiangsu Province, China. To improve our understanding of the pathogens involved, 201 FGSC isolates were obtained from freshly harvested rice samples and identified by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 201 FGSC isolates, 196 were F. asiaticum and the remaining 5 were F. graminearum. Trichothecene chemotype and chemical analyses showed that 68.4% of the F. asiaticum isolates were the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype and the remainder were the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. All of the F. graminearum isolates were the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype. Pathogenicity assays showed that both the 3ADON and NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum could infect wheat and rice spikes. FHB severity and trichothecene toxin analysis revealed that F. asiaticum with the NIV chemotype was less aggressive than that with the 3ADON chemotype in wheat, while the NIV-producing strains were more virulent than the 3ADON-producing strains in rice. F. asiaticum isolates with different chemotypes did not show significant differences in mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial dimensions, or perithecial production. These findings would provide useful information for developing management strategies for the control of FHB in China.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analyses of the Fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from soybean in Argentina and Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Chiotta ◽  
M. S. Alaniz Zanon ◽  
G. Giaj-Merlera ◽  
D. Tessmann ◽  
G. G. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex
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