Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Using Temperature-based Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yap Hui Kit ◽  
Norazan Mohd Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ntc Thermistor

Conventional way of measuring glucose level using finger pricking method does not only cause pain but is also costly to diabetic patients since the lancet and test strip is not reusable. Addressing to this matter, a simple metabolic heat conformation (MHC) technique was adapted in our study to measure human glucose level using non-invasive method which is harmless and capable of providing real time monitoring. This method is adapted based on the theory of glucose metabolism process which produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP function to transport energy within cells in form of heat dissipated throughout human body. Thus, temperature based algorithm was conducted using an implemented prototype circuit sensor which consist of pyroelectric detector and NTC thermistor to detect small variation of human and surrounding temperature. A total of 50 samples have been collected for analysis purposes. Results obtained from the temperature-based prototype glucose monitoring system using NTC thermistor (TPGMS-NTC) were compared with commercial automated glucose analyzer through Error Grid Analysis, and it was shown that glucose concentration is correlated to the total amount of heat dissipated from human body by 0.9125. About 90% of the samples taken are plotted within accurate range (region A) while 10% are plotted within acceptable range (region B).

Indole as a new tentative marker in exhaled breath for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring of diabetic subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Fink ◽  
Tim Maihöfer ◽  
Jeffrey Bender ◽  
Jochen Schulat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is the most important part of diabetes management. In classical BGM, glucose measurement by test strips involves invasive finger pricking. We present results of a clinical study that focused on a non-invasive approach based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Main objective was the discovery of markers for prediction of blood glucose levels (BGL) in diabetic patients. Exhaled breath was measured repeatedly in 60 diabetic patients (30 type 1, 30 type 2) in fasting state and after a standardized meal. Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to sample breath every 15 minutes for a total of six hours. BGLs were tested in parallel via BGM test strips. VOC signals were plotted against glucose trends for each subject to identify correlations. Exhaled indole (a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan) showed significant mean correlation to BGL (with negative trend) and significant individual correlation in 36 patients. The type of diabetes did not affect this result. Additional experiments of one healthy male subject by ingestion of lactulose and 13C-labeled glucose (n=3) revealed that exhaled indole does not directly originate from food digestion by intestinal microbiota. As indole has been linked to human glucose metabolism, it might be a tentative marker in breath for non-invasive BGM. Clinical studies with greater diversity are required for confirmation of such results and further investigation of metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Technique for Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4341-4345
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Precise Quantification

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most spreading diseases prevalent in the world. The Diabetic patients where in desideratum of monitoring their blood glucose level conventionally for a certain periodic of time. If they were nescient of their checkup it may lead to sundry symptoms like the feel profoundly slothful, tired etc. So they require for a periodic check up without fail. In clinic the prefer syringes for amassing the samples,in some worst cases there will be a possibility of unhydrated syringes . For checking they were in desideratum of a modicum of blood samples. For a precise quantification they will integrate some chemical substance to detect the value. While taking blood samples they feel so uncomfortable, pain and if the syringes where already used are not felicitously sterilized it may lead to sundry disease. The another method for quantifying the sample is a non-invasive. In non-invasive method there will be no desideratum of any syringe. It will be pain less and withal comfortable for the patients. In this paper we are introducing a non-invasive method in lieu of invasive method to be liberate from pain. Our proposed system consists of near infrared transmitter and receiver , a light dependent resistor etc,. The rays are sanctioned to passes through the finger it will quantify the glucose present in our cell and the output is given to the processor. The processed output will determine the quantity of glucose present in the blood . Then determinately the obtained output will be exhibited in the Liquid Crystal Exhibit.

scholarly journals Design and Dimensional Measurement of Interdigital Sensor for Blood Glucose Measurement through Non-Invasive Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6437-6441
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Health Organization

Diabetes has shown to be a chronic disease world over, mainly caused due to reduced physical activity and increased obesity. World health organization statistics show diabetes as a leading cause of disability universally. To avoid extreme medical conditions of subjects, regular monitoring of their glucose levels has been suggested. The most common method that has been in use is the pinprick method for glucose monitoring which carries the risk of contamination as well as irritation. One possible approach called noninvasive technique can be adopted to avoid this major concern. This paper presents designing Inter-Digital-Sensor (IDS) for non-invasive sensing of the glucose level. The sensor-based chip once mounted onto the upper arm or pinkie finger of diabetes subject, is able to sense different glucose levels concentration as impedance plots. A set of several simulation results has been obtained using COMSOL for getting optimized dimensions of the sensor digits. This research has presented the generation of an electric field and intensity by using electrode of known length with element spacing varying from 250µm to 600µm developed over 15mm x 20mm sensor area. An ID of 475µm width spacing with ten (10) digits producing 2.33 pF of capacitance value with impedance resonating at 13 GHz of frequency is reported in this paper

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Estimation using Handheld Near Infra-Red Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive

Non-invasive blood glucose measurement would ease everyday life of diabetic patients and may cut the cost involved in their treatments. This project aims at developing a non-invasive blood glucose measurement using NIR (near infrared) spectroscopic device. NIR spectra data and blood glucose levels were collected from 45 participants, resulting 90 samples (75 samples for calibration and 15 samples for testing) in this project. These samples were then used to develop a predictive model using Interval Partial Least Square (IPLS) regression method. The results obtained from this project indicate that the handheld micro NIR has potential use for rapid non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) obtained for calibration/training and testing dataset are respectively 0.9 and 0.91.

IoT Based Non Invasive Glucometer Using Optical Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Saina Sunny ◽  
S. Swapna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The World

Analysis and measurement of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) became one of the critical challenges of the coming future. Since by 2030, diabetes effected are increased to 360 million all over the world by the World Health Organization (WHO) analytical study survey results. The main aim of this paper is non invasive and continuous glucose monitoring with the IoT technology involvement. Traditional finger pricking methods pros and cons are notified and tried to rectify its demerits. The designed device consist of an infrared led having a wavelength of 900 to 1100nm for the optical blood glucose measurement. NIR photodiodes used to collect light collected from body parts and regressive analysis is carried out. The signal processing, data algorithm is based on Beer-Lambert’s law. In assistance with internet of things (IoT) in WiFi range push alerts are reached to the patients and their concerns on real time. Therefore, it helps in emergency, continuous real time blood glucose monitoring. An IOT based noninvasive glucose monitoring will be a milestone for emerging and smart generation.

NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE ANALYSIS BASED ON GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Snekhalatha ◽  
T. Rajalakshmi ◽  
C. H. Vinitha Sri ◽  
G. Balachander ◽  
K. S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Galvanic Skin Response ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Response

Diabetes is a chronic disease due to the lack of production of hormone insulin by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Many diabetic patients often draw a small amount of blood to measure the glucose level every day. This vital information is needed to control their daily food intake. One such method could cause infection and discomfort to the patient. Non-invasive glucose measurement techniques overcome these challenges to monitor blood glucose level continuously. The aim and objective of this study are as follows: (i) to correlate the skin resistance based on Galvanic skin response (GSR) and blood glucose level for diabetic and non-diabetic subject and (ii) to estimate the blood glucose value based on GSR voltage and resistance using stepwise linear regression model. About 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic subjects were included in this study. Blood glucose level is recorded using the minimally invasive device called accu-chek for all the subjects. GSR resistance and GSR voltage were recorded using the designed instrumentation setup. In diabetic subjects, the measured blood glucose level shows negative correlation with the GSR voltage ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and GSR resistance ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The estimated blood glucose level can be predicted with good sensitivity (94%) and accuracy (92%) using age and GSR voltage, or by the combination of age and GSR resistance in the evaluation of diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Proposal of Blood Glucose Control and Exercise Therapy Support System Using Non-invasive Blood Glucose Meter

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Takeuchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Nagao ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Glucose Meter ◽  
Blood Glucose Meter

According to WHO, 420 million adults worldwide are suffering from diabetes. The diabetic patient should regularly verify and control their blood glucose levels. However, the existing blood glucose meters use a needle to collect blood, thus causing problems such as pain and infections. A non-invasive blood glucose meter is a measuring instrument that can avoid these problems, but such an instrument has not been developed to date. Diabetic patients should ensure blood glucose control and exercise therapy: however, the difficulty of management and lack of guidance on exercise therapy are problematic issues that need to be overcome. In this study, a non-invasive blood glucose meter and blood glucose control system has been developed, which can be used along with a healthcare sensor equipped with a non-invasive blood glucose measurement function.

scholarly journals Continuous Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring via Contact Lenses: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
David Bamgboje ◽  
Iasonas Christoulakis ◽  
Ioannis Smanis ◽  
Gaurav Chavan ◽  
Rinkal Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Lacrimal Fluid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that must be carefully managed to prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and, at present, all relevant procedures are invasive while they only provide periodic measurements. The pain and measurement intermittency associated with invasive techniques resulted in the exploration of painless, continuous, and non-invasive techniques of glucose measurement that would facilitate intensive management. The focus of this review paper is the existing solutions for continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring via contact lenses (CLs) and to carry out a detailed, qualitative, and comparative analysis to inform prospective researchers on viable pathways. Direct glucose monitoring via CLs is contingent on the detection of biomarkers present in the lacrimal fluid. In this review, emphasis is given on two types of sensors: a graphene-AgNW hybrid sensor and an amperometric sensor. Both sensors can detect the presence of glucose in the lacrimal fluid by using the enzyme, glucose oxidase. Additionally, this review covers fabrication procedures for CL biosensors. Ever since Google published the first glucose monitoring embedded system on a CL, CL biosensors have been considered state-of-the-art in the medical device research and development industry. The CL not only has to have a sensory system, it must also have an embedded integrated circuit (IC) for readout and wireless communication. Moreover, to retain mobility and ease of use of the CLs used for continuous glucose monitoring, the power supply to the solid-state IC on such CLs must be wireless. Currently, there are four methods of powering CLs: utilizing solar energy, via a biofuel cell, or by inductive or radiofrequency (RF) power. Although, there are many limitations associated with each method, the limitations common to all, are safety restrictions and CL size limitations. Bearing this in mind, RF power has received most of the attention in reported literature, whereas solar power has received the least attention in the literature. CLs seem a very promising target for cutting edge biotechnological applications of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance.

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