scholarly journals Design and Dimensional Measurement of Interdigital Sensor for Blood Glucose Measurement through Non-Invasive Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6437-6441
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Health Organization

Diabetes has shown to be a chronic disease world over, mainly caused due to reduced physical activity and increased obesity. World health organization statistics show diabetes as a leading cause of disability universally. To avoid extreme medical conditions of subjects, regular monitoring of their glucose levels has been suggested. The most common method that has been in use is the pinprick method for glucose monitoring which carries the risk of contamination as well as irritation. One possible approach called noninvasive technique can be adopted to avoid this major concern. This paper presents designing Inter-Digital-Sensor (IDS) for non-invasive sensing of the glucose level. The sensor-based chip once mounted onto the upper arm or pinkie finger of diabetes subject, is able to sense different glucose levels concentration as impedance plots. A set of several simulation results has been obtained using COMSOL for getting optimized dimensions of the sensor digits. This research has presented the generation of an electric field and intensity by using electrode of known length with element spacing varying from 250µm to 600µm developed over 15mm x 20mm sensor area. An ID of 475µm width spacing with ten (10) digits producing 2.33 pF of capacitance value with impedance resonating at 13 GHz of frequency is reported in this paper

IoT Based Non Invasive Glucometer Using Optical Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Saina Sunny ◽  
S. Swapna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The World

Analysis and measurement of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) became one of the critical challenges of the coming future. Since by 2030, diabetes effected are increased to 360 million all over the world by the World Health Organization (WHO) analytical study survey results. The main aim of this paper is non invasive and continuous glucose monitoring with the IoT technology involvement. Traditional finger pricking methods pros and cons are notified and tried to rectify its demerits. The designed device consist of an infrared led having a wavelength of 900 to 1100nm for the optical blood glucose measurement. NIR photodiodes used to collect light collected from body parts and regressive analysis is carried out. The signal processing, data algorithm is based on Beer-Lambert’s law. In assistance with internet of things (IoT) in WiFi range push alerts are reached to the patients and their concerns on real time. Therefore, it helps in emergency, continuous real time blood glucose monitoring. An IOT based noninvasive glucose monitoring will be a milestone for emerging and smart generation.

scholarly journals Discrepancies Between Blood Glucose and Interstitial Glucose—Technological Artifacts or Physiology: Implications for Selection of the Appropriate Therapeutic Target

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Siegmund ◽  
Lutz Heinemann ◽  
Ralf Kolassa ◽  
Andreas Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Background: For decades, the major source of information used to make therapeutic decisions by patients with diabetes has been glucose measurements using capillary blood samples. Knowledge gained from clinical studies, for example, on the impact of metabolic control on diabetes-related complications, is based on such measurements. Different to traditional blood glucose measurement systems, systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measure glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF). The assumption is that glucose levels in blood and ISF are practically the same and that the information provided can be used interchangeably. Thus, therapeutic decisions, that is, the selection of insulin doses, are based on CGM system results interpreted as though they were blood glucose values. Methods: We performed a more detailed analysis and interpretation of glucose profiles obtained with CGM in situations with high glucose dynamics to evaluate this potentially misleading assumption. Results: Considering physical activity, hypoglycemic episodes, and meal-related differences between glucose levels in blood and ISF uncover clinically relevant differences that can make it risky from a therapeutic point of view to use blood glucose for therapeutic decisions. Conclusions: Further systematic and structured evaluation as to whether the use of ISF glucose is more safe and efficient when it comes to acute therapeutic decisions is necessary. These data might also have a higher prognostic relevance when it comes to long-term metabolic consequences of diabetes. In the long run, it may be reasonable to abandon blood glucose measurements as the basis for diabetes management and switch to using ISF glucose as the appropriate therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Technique for Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4341-4345
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Precise Quantification

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most spreading diseases prevalent in the world. The Diabetic patients where in desideratum of monitoring their blood glucose level conventionally for a certain periodic of time. If they were nescient of their checkup it may lead to sundry symptoms like the feel profoundly slothful, tired etc. So they require for a periodic check up without fail. In clinic the prefer syringes for amassing the samples,in some worst cases there will be a possibility of unhydrated syringes . For checking they were in desideratum of a modicum of blood samples. For a precise quantification they will integrate some chemical substance to detect the value. While taking blood samples they feel so uncomfortable, pain and if the syringes where already used are not felicitously sterilized it may lead to sundry disease. The another method for quantifying the sample is a non-invasive. In non-invasive method there will be no desideratum of any syringe. It will be pain less and withal comfortable for the patients. In this paper we are introducing a non-invasive method in lieu of invasive method to be liberate from pain. Our proposed system consists of near infrared transmitter and receiver , a light dependent resistor etc,. The rays are sanctioned to passes through the finger it will quantify the glucose present in our cell and the output is given to the processor. The processed output will determine the quantity of glucose present in the blood . Then determinately the obtained output will be exhibited in the Liquid Crystal Exhibit.

scholarly journals An IoT-Based Glucose Monitoring Algorithm to Prevent Diabetes Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Francisco Valenzuela ◽  
Armando García ◽  
Erica Ruiz. ◽  
Mabel Vázquez ◽  
Joaquín Cortez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Condition ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by blood glucose levels above normal limits. The impact of this disease on the population has increased in recent years. It is already a public health problem worldwide and one of the leading causes of death. Recently, several proposals have been developed for better and regular monitoring of glucose. However, theses proposals do not discard erroneous readings and they are not able to anticipate a critical condition. In this work, we propose an algorithm based on the double moving average supported by an IoT architecture to prevent possible complications in elderly patients. The algorithm uses historical readings to construct a series. Given a number of periods, it is possible to calculate averages of different subsets and trends for the next periods and, in this way, the prognosis is obtained. With the prognosis, it is possible to notify the doctor and relatives in advance about a possible critical condition in the patient. The aim of our work is to validate the architecture and prognosis algorithm used for elderly persons. Tests of the algorithm and the architecture were performed with different readings and it was shown that the system generated corresponding notifications before the glucose values were higher than those defined by the WHO (World Health Organization), thus avoiding unnecessary alarms.

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Using Temperature-based Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yap Hui Kit ◽  
Norazan Mohd Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ntc Thermistor

Conventional way of measuring glucose level using finger pricking method does not only cause pain but is also costly to diabetic patients since the lancet and test strip is not reusable. Addressing to this matter, a simple metabolic heat conformation (MHC) technique was adapted in our study to measure human glucose level using non-invasive method which is harmless and capable of providing real time monitoring. This method is adapted based on the theory of glucose metabolism process which produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP function to transport energy within cells in form of heat dissipated throughout human body. Thus, temperature based algorithm was conducted using an implemented prototype circuit sensor which consist of pyroelectric detector and NTC thermistor to detect small variation of human and surrounding temperature. A total of 50 samples have been collected for analysis purposes. Results obtained from the temperature-based prototype glucose monitoring system using NTC thermistor (TPGMS-NTC) were compared with commercial automated glucose analyzer through Error Grid Analysis, and it was shown that glucose concentration is correlated to the total amount of heat dissipated from human body by 0.9125. About 90% of the samples taken are plotted within accurate range (region A) while 10% are plotted within acceptable range (region B).

scholarly journals SELF-MONITORING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE WITH A NON-INVASIVE METHOD USING NEAR INFRARED SENSOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Rinda Nur Hidayati ◽  
Nur Hasanah Ahniar ◽  
Gita Rindang Lestari ◽  
Atika Hendryani ◽  
Faris Al Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Minimum System

Diabetes mellitus or commonly called diabetes is a worldwide epidemic caused by chronic hyperglycemia. Simplify the blood glucose monitoring and easy to use is an essential part of diabetes management. Currently, the use of blood glucose meters conventional in clinical practice needs sufficient reliability. Therefore, self-monitoring of blood glucose with a non-invasive method was presented. A non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device was initially for information on glucose level measurements. A non-invasive method to determine the level of glucose by applying the physical properties of the absorption of the laser sensor that can produce a voltage change at various glucose levels. In this paper, a glucose monitoring module was fabricated with dimensions of 25x27x15 cm which has a minimum system, sensor, and LCD as a display of glucose levels. A minimum system to control the output of data digital value using microcontroller Android nano v.3. Experimentally, testing this module is by comparing the glucose monitoring modules that have been made with a gold standard. The result showed that non-invasive glucose monitoring is the potential for glucose level measurement a sensitivity, resolution, and accuracy of 0.86 mg/dL, 0.01 mg/dL, and 98.96%, respectively. The purposed module of glucose level monitoring offered simple testing for the rapid measurement of glucose levels.

scholarly journals Continuous Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring via Contact Lenses: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
David Bamgboje ◽  
Iasonas Christoulakis ◽  
Ioannis Smanis ◽  
Gaurav Chavan ◽  
Rinkal Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Lacrimal Fluid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that must be carefully managed to prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and, at present, all relevant procedures are invasive while they only provide periodic measurements. The pain and measurement intermittency associated with invasive techniques resulted in the exploration of painless, continuous, and non-invasive techniques of glucose measurement that would facilitate intensive management. The focus of this review paper is the existing solutions for continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring via contact lenses (CLs) and to carry out a detailed, qualitative, and comparative analysis to inform prospective researchers on viable pathways. Direct glucose monitoring via CLs is contingent on the detection of biomarkers present in the lacrimal fluid. In this review, emphasis is given on two types of sensors: a graphene-AgNW hybrid sensor and an amperometric sensor. Both sensors can detect the presence of glucose in the lacrimal fluid by using the enzyme, glucose oxidase. Additionally, this review covers fabrication procedures for CL biosensors. Ever since Google published the first glucose monitoring embedded system on a CL, CL biosensors have been considered state-of-the-art in the medical device research and development industry. The CL not only has to have a sensory system, it must also have an embedded integrated circuit (IC) for readout and wireless communication. Moreover, to retain mobility and ease of use of the CLs used for continuous glucose monitoring, the power supply to the solid-state IC on such CLs must be wireless. Currently, there are four methods of powering CLs: utilizing solar energy, via a biofuel cell, or by inductive or radiofrequency (RF) power. Although, there are many limitations associated with each method, the limitations common to all, are safety restrictions and CL size limitations. Bearing this in mind, RF power has received most of the attention in reported literature, whereas solar power has received the least attention in the literature. CLs seem a very promising target for cutting edge biotechnological applications of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance.

Pharmacogenetics of Metformin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Alrahman Joneri
Keyword(s):  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Line ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition in which an increase in glucose levels in the blood exceeds normal limits. Hyperglycemia is one of the typical signs of diabetes mellitus (DM). The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts an increase in the number of people with DM which is a global health threat. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, and the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, in adults. Metformin, which is a biguanide group, is recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes as the first-line oral therapy for DM and is the most widely used oral medication worldwide. Metformin can also increase peripheral glucose utilization and ultimately decrease the production of fatty acids and triglycerides. Some of the individual differences that underlie the variation in response to metformin.

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